Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell worksheet
1) Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
2) What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane?
3) Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
4) When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you d notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell.
5) One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed structures called _____ which are lacking in prokaryotic cells.
6) In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
7) You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.
8) Regulating the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell is a function of the _____________?
9) ______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.
10) When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they have _____________ phosphate groups that are attracted to water and ____________fatty acid tails that avoid water
11) The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.
12) The extracellular matrix of animal cells ______and _______cells
13) ______ store the information necessary to produce proteins.
14) The nuclear envelope is composed of ______.
15) The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.
16) Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes.
17) Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes?
18) Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes are attached to the ________of the nucleus
19) Where does protein synthesis take place?
20) Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.
21) The endomembrane system includes ______.
22) A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by __________attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
23) Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.
24) Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include lipid synthesis, __________synthesis, and drug detoxification
25) What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
26) What is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
27) Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?
28) Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
29) If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.
30) Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.
31) Vacuoles are ______.
32) A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives in ______.water
33) In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
34) Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.
35) Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by____ membranes
36) Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
37) Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy stored in ________to energy stored in ______
38) the cristae of a mitochondrion is an adaptation to ________ the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration
39) Microtubules are associated with ______.
40) Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the best explanation?
Chp 5 worksheet
1) A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______. to its environment
2) Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment is ______ to the protozoan
3) If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?
4) In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______.
5 If the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings what process could result in net movement into the cell
6) What is Active transport
7) When a person cries, tears are exported from cells through the process of________
8) Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which processes could be responsible for its secretion?
9) The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______.
10) Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called signal______.
11) What is energy?
12) An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have ______ energy resulting from its location or structure.
13) The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ______.
14) A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy.
1 5) You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?
16) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by _________ the activation energy
17) __________catalyze specific reactions.
18) An enzyme's function is dependent on its ______.
19) Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
20) The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.
21) When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will exhibit a net movement to the side with __________water concentration
A 21) Which component of the following reaction is the substrate?
sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
22) Humans convert approximately ______% of the energy stored in food to useful work.
23) Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ______ calories.
24) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional _______
25) Substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are ______.
26) keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme ___________
27) Diffusion is an example of ______. transport
28) Diffusion proceeds until ______________ is reached
29) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ______ and moves a substance ______ its concentration gradient.
30) Osmosis can be defined as the diffusion of ______.
31) A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. The solution in the balloon is ____________ relative to the solution in the beaker.
32) ___________ is a measure of randomness in a system
33) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing chemical energy into ___________energy
34 You have a 2-kg bottle of liquid water at 0°C. About how many Calories are needed to heat up the water to 100°C?
35) What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
36) Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a ______group.
37) Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely result in cell ______.
38) Usually, enzymes are ______.
39) The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.