Chapter 12 Objectives
I. Define genome and state what major events must occur during cell division for the entire genome to be passed on to daughter cells.
2. Describe the process of binary fission in prokaryotes.
3. Describe the composition of chromosomes and explain how chromosomal structure changes in preparation for cell division.
4. Describe how chromosome number changes throughout the human life cycle.
5. List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase.
6. Describe what major events occur during the GI, S and G2 periods of interphase, and describe what characterizes a Gz interphase cell.
7. Distinguish between interphase and mitosis proper.
8. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase.
9. Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams or micrographs.
10. Draw or describe the spindle apparatus including centrosomes, nonkinetochore microtubules, kinetochore microtubules, asters and centrioles (in animal cells).
11. Describe what characteristic changes occur in the spindle apparatus during each phase of mitosis.
12. Explain the current models for poleward chromosomal movement and elongation of the cell's polar
13. Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants.
14. List several factors, identified from cell tissue-culture studies, which stimulate or inhibit cell growth.
15. Describe what point in the cell cycle determines whether a cell will divide and explain the role of volume-to-genome ratio.
16. Explain how MPF induces the changes that occur in mitosis and describe what causes the cyclical change in MPF concentration.
17. Explain how abnormal cell division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division.
Chapter 13 Objectives
1. Explain why organisms only reproduce their own kind, and why offspring more closely resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species.
2. Explain what makes heredity possible.
3. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.
4. Diagram the human life cycle and indicate where in the human body that mitosis and meiosis occur; which cells are the result of meiosis and mitosis; and which cells are haploid.
5. Distinguish among the life cycle patterns of animals, fungi and plants.
6. Distinguish sporophyte from gametophyte, and explain how plant life cycles differ from those of animals and fungi.
7. List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis 11 and describe the events characteristic of each phase.
8. Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams or micrographs.
9. Describe the process of synapsis during prophase 1 and explain how genetic recombination occurs.
10. Describe key differences between mitosis and meiosis; explain how the end result of meiosis
differs from that of mitosis.
11. Compare the phases of meiosis I with mitosis and distinguish between the chromosomal arrangement during metaphase of both processes.
12. Distinguish between mitotic interphase and meiotic interkinesis.
13. Explain how independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
14. Explain why inheritable variation was crucial to Darwin's theory of evolution.
15. List the sources of genetic variation.