Man and Environment Questions

1. What use to man is the ocean?

2. What is the annual harvest?

3. Which area of the ocean are most of the fish harvested from?

4. Why are fish easy to find?

5. What is the US consumption of fish vs. Japanese?

6. How do humans consume fish meal?

7. Describe the role of the following types of fish: clupoid, gadoid, rockfish, salmonids, flatfish, scombroid, tunas.

8. What other marine organisms are collected?

II

9. How was the 3 mile limit determined?

10. Why was it changed and who changed it?

11. How many countries have ratified the Law of the Seas treaty?

12. How do fisheries biologists determine how many fish can be caught from an area and still keep the industry?

13. Why have fisheries declined though the catch has increased?

Three pieces of legislation set out the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),

1. the Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA for the fisheries resources in the 200-mile US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ),

2. the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) for monitoring and protection and management of marine mammals stocks in US waters and

3. Endangered Species Act (ESA) for monitoring and protection of marine life considered to be at risk of extinction.

FMP or fisheries management plans are developed by the MFCMA and use 7 national standards..

1. prevent overfishing while achieving the optimum yield (OY).

2. be based on the best scientific information.

3. manage stocks of fish as a unit and coordinate management of interrelated stocks.

4. not discriminate between residents of different states and allocate fishing privileges fairly

5. promote efficiency in resource utilization

6. allow for variations between fisheries and

7. minimize costs and unnecessary duplications.

III

14. What is industrial succession?

15. Why doesn't the IWC work to save the whales?

16. How is the MSY calculated?

17. What are some ways to increase the fisheries?

18. What 4 problems have to be faced with mariculture?

19. What is ranching?

20. What would be some of the problems in setting up a fish farm?

HW

21. What are some ways oil can get into the marine environment?

22. How does oil harm the pelagic environment? the benthic environment?

23. What does sewage add to the environment?

24. How much sewage does NYC dump into the water each day?

25. What is biomagnification?

Dredging can damage by tearing up marine habitat by releasing ______ which smothers shellfish and cuts down _________ penetration into the water, changes water _______ patterns, creates __________ in an otherwise shallow and even bottom and the holes can collect ________ and form low ______ conditions and the worse is the dredged material is usually ______ on the protective marshlands. Deeper channels can also allow denser __________ to travel further up the estuary __________ the salinitys and bringing _________ to an otherwise ____ salinity environment which can then feed of the oysters etc.