Chapter 24: The Origin of Species Answers

1  evolution as it occurs on a large scale

 2)  Adult chimpanzees have heavier brow ridges.

 3)  the variation in growth rate of various parts of the body.

 4relative small genetic change can have a major impact on phenotype. 

 5)  small jaws.

 6)  it is not possible to test reproductive isolation in fossil forms. 

 7) species.

 8) The two forms are observed to interbreed successfully where their habitats overlap. 

 9)  behavioral isolation

 10Gene flow between the two populations is extensive. 

 11)  28.

 12)  gametic incompatibility

 13a change in a developmental gene or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts.

 14) speciation

 15) I and III

 16)  They shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time.

 17)  biological

 18)  3 and 5

 19)  ecological

 20) morphological

 21) morphological

 22)  habitat isolation

 23) reproductive isolation

Use the following options to answer the following questions. For each description of reproductive isolation, select the option that best describes it. Options may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

            A.    gametic

            B.    temporal

            C.    behavioral

            D.   habitat

            E.    mechanical

e 24)  two species of orchids with different floral anatomy

b 25)  two species of trout that breed in different seasons

c 26)  two species of meadowlarks with different mating songs 

d 27)  two species of garter snakes live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land

b 28)  two species of pine shed their pollen at different times

 29)  their own species, but not of other species

 30) soils

 31)  the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability

 32)  reinforce postzygotic barriers between horses and donkeys.

 33)  asexual organisms.

 34)  III only

 35)  adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation.

 36) the islands are very young in geologic time.

 37) 1, 3, and 4

 38) polyploidy.

 39)  reproductive isolation from one another

 40)  meiosis.

 41)  It can overcome hybrid sterility.

 42)  14.

 43) 42.

 44) geographic isolation.

 45) species selection

46) speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time.

 47)  perform live birth is an example of

 48 A new species forms most of its unique features as it comes into existence and then changes little for the duration of its existence.

 49) occurs via anagenesis and cladogenesis, but only the latter increases biodiversity.

 50)  sympatric speciation.

 51) evolution of modern humans, Homo sapiens, from australopithecine ancestors

52) ancestral versions of this protein assemblage were either less functional, or had different functions, than modern prokaryotic flagella.

 53) They are homologous organs.

 54) a change in a regulatory gene, which has a major and adaptive impact on morphology

 55)  changes in homeotic genes.

 56)  in particular environments, similar adaptations can be beneficial in more than one species.