Plant Diversity II: answers

 1)  sporangia

  2) The flower is composed of gametophyte tissue only.

3) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle 

  4)  mitochondria.

 5)  their gametophytes are protected by, and obtain nutrition from, the sporophytes.

 6)  a choice of germination location.

 7)  a haploid gametophyte retained within tissues of the diploid sporophyte ,pollen

 8) pollen grain 

9) 3, 1, 4, 2

 10) cotyledon.

 11) anther and filament.

12) within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

 13) a mature ovary.

 14)megaspore-2n

  15)  alternation of generations

 16)  parallel leaf venation

17) ovaries.

 18)  male gametophyte ---sporopollenin

 19) fern gametophyte that will bear only antheridia.

 20) integument(s)

21) have pollen.

 22) windblown seeds.

 23) soils.

  24)  Female gametophytes use meiosis to produce eggs.

 25)  Pollen grains are very different from pine male gametophytes.

 26)  4, 2, 3, 1

27)  1, 4, 3, 2, 5

 28)  A mature fruit is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.  

 29) both male and female gametophytes  

 30) 

1, 2, and 3

 31)  ovule  

 32)  spores.

 33)  They are modified leaves.

 34) integuments; sporopollenin

35)D

36)d

37) b

 38)  d

 39) a

40)  cycads (Cycadophyta

41)  free-living gametophytes.

 42) pollen tubes.

43)  They are currently thought to be polyphyletic.

44)  modified sporophylls. 

45)  are structures that directly produce female gametes.

46)  detritivorous (scavenging) animal 

47) by facilitating dispersal of seeds

 48)  spore mother cells.

 49) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3 

 50)  two sperm nuclei / the pollen tube

 51)  b

 52)  d?

  53)  b

54)  b

 55)  c

 56) have two sperm nuclei, both of which unite with nuclei of the female gametophyte.

57)  coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores.

 58)  ovule

 59)  ovary

  60) flagellated sperm.

 61) sperm cells with flagella. 

 62)  have brightly colored reproductive parts.

63) microsporangium

  64) inhibits herbivory. 

65) possessing an abdomen that is densely covered with short bristles

 66) It should be nutritious.

 67)  b

 68)  a.

 69)  c. 

 70)  d shape. 

 71)  e

 72) artificial selection

 73)  human population growth

 74) People in the tropics do not need to increase agricultural output.

 75)  observing which plants are the most used food plants.

 76) seed

  77) micropyle.

 78)  haploid; meiosis