Descent with Modification: EVEN answers
2) the fossil record.
4) Earth is 6,000 years old, and populations are
unchanging.
6) Lamarckism. .
8) Charles Lyell
10) Alfred Wallace
12) more recently they
shared a common ancestor.
14) individuals must adapt to their environment.
16)
Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more
to the gene pool, than poorly adapted individuals.
18) One
must observe more than one generation of the population. The
population must contain genetic variation.
20) More small-beaked birds dying than the larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent
generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.
22) genetic variation
among individuals -- sexual reproduction
24) The
amount of available food may have increased. The number of predators may have decreased. The
squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of variation
than previous generations because squirrels that would not have survived in the
past will now survive.
26) A
number of genetically resistant pesticide survivors reproduce. The next generation of insects contains more
genes from the survivors than it does from susceptible individuals.
28) 1, 3,
and 6
30) arm of a human
32) by
identifying the bones as being homologous
by proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins
share a common ancestor
34) baleen
whales are descendants of toothed whales.
36) All organisms use essentially the same
genetic code.
38) DNA sequence
evidence fully disagreed with morphological evidence.
40) The two
species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code
for these proteins are almost identical.
42) island forms and mainland forms descended from common ancestors.
44) an overarching
explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time.
46) Earth is old.
48) cultural
50) Small changes accumulated over vast spans of
time can produce dramatic results.
52) Natural
selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale
forelimb anatomy.
54) observations of
molecular homologies
56) A few drug-resistant viruses were present at
the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency.
58) Evolutionary adaptation results from
interactions between organisms and their environments.