Genetics 2 answers

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 2) it allowed biologists to study meiosis and mitosis, revealing the parallels between the behaviors of genes and chromosomes.       

4)  The observed frequency of recombination of two genes that are far apart from each other has a maximum value of 50%.

Two of the traits that Mendel studied-seed color and flower color-are linked on the same chromosome.

 6)  crossing over

 8)  they are located on the same chromosome.

 10)  genes do not segregate independently during meiosis.

12)  Drosophila genes cluster into four distinct groups of linked genes.

14)  cytogenetic map.

 16) tortoiseshell female; black male

18) b 

  20)  a

  22) XCXc and XCY 

 24.  mutation 

  26.  gene flow

28. beard is a sex limited trait 

30. XXY 

32.  leaves more viable offspring (copies of its genes) than others of its species

34) 1/2

 36)  somatic cells of a female only

38) has four X chromosomes.

40)  n + 1; n + 1; n - 1; n - 1

42)  a deletion

44)  She has Turner syndrome.

 46)  trisomy 21.

 48)  are unable to breed with a diploid plant.

  50. bottleneck effect