DNA/RNA Answers
1) assimilation of external DNA into a cell
2) 12
3) the
relative proportion of each of the four bases differs from species to
species. the
amount of A is always equivalent to T, and C to G.
4) purines; pyrimidines
5) hydrogen
6)
sequence of bases.
7) the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5'
to 3' direction of the other strand.
8) DNA polymerase
9) the
nucleotide sequence of the template strand
10) to
add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand
11) d
12) a
13) c
14) e
15) b
16)
join
17)
initiating a polynucleotide strand.
18) proofreading during DNA replication
mismatch repair excision repair complementary base pairing during DNA replication
19) the two ends of a shoelace
20) DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is
single-stranded.
21) each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and
one new DNA strand.
22) DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in
the 5' to 3' direction
23) an RNA primer.
24) experience a gradual reduction of chromosome length with
each replication cycle.
25) nucleotides consisting of a phosphate,
sugar, and nitrogenous base
26) ATP, RNA, and DNA
27) RNA acts as an expendable copy of the genetic
material, allowing the DNA to serve as a permanent, pristine repository of the
genetic material. many mRNA molecules can be
transcribed from a single gene, increasing the potential rate of gene
expression.
28)
ACU.
29) 900
30) may code for the same amino acid as
another codon.
31) proline.
32) 3' to 5'; 3'
33) An enzyme made up of RNA
34) exons
35) excision of introns.
36) UUU.
37) bonding of the anticodon to the codon. attachment of amino acids to tRNAs.
38) tRNA
39) hydrogen bonding between base pairs
40) some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize two or more different codons. the rules for base pairing
between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible.
41) both rRNA
and protein
42) rRNA
43)
4, 1, 2, 5, 3
44) ligase
45) small
ribosomal subunit large ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA
46) A stop codon is
encountered.
47) A tRNA with the next amino acid enters the P site.
48) groups of ribosomes reading a single mRNA simultaneously
49) point mutation
50)
point
51) base
deletion near the start of a gene
52) GTTACG
with CAAUGC
53) the
cytoplasm.
54) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
55) complementary to
the corresponding mRNA codon.
56) DNA
57) replication fork.
58) relieving strain in
the DNA ahead of the replication fork