VCC
REVIEW 2 answers
1)
carbon compounds.
2) 4
3)
covalent
4)
They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants. They
were processed into sugars through photosynthesis.
They are ultimately
derived from carbon dioxide.
5)
The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen
linkages.
6)
structural isomers.
7)
arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
8)
structural isomers.
9)
It should dissolve in water.
10) carboxyl
11)
an amino acid such as glycine
12)
carboxyl and amino
13) carboxyl
14) c
15)
none
16)
none of the structures
17)
a
18)
d
19)
b
20)
e
21)
c
22)
c
23)
d
24)
a
25) a
26) d
27)
d
28)
b
29) d
30) a
31)
b
32)
d
33) a
34)
It is negatively charged.
It has acid
properties.
35)
contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
36)
the study of carbon compounds.
37)
hydrocarbons.
38)
the replacement of the hydroxyl of a carboxyl group with hydrogen
39) amino
40)
glucose
41)
the removal of water (dehydration reactions)
42)
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks down
polymers.
43)
carbohydrate.
44)
polysaccharide.
45)
humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha (α) glycosidic
linkages of starch but not the beta (β) glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
46)
They are insoluble in water.
They are an important
constituent of cell membranes.
They contain twice as
much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide.
47)
lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol.
48)
have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated fatty acids.
49) a
saturated fatty acid
50)
unsaturated fatty acid.
51)
polymer of amino acids.
52)
side chains (R groups).
53)
peptide bond.
54)
removal of a water molecule
55)
are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.
56)
triacylglycerides
polysaccharides
proteins
57)
c
58)
a
59)
e
60)
peptide bonds
61)
hydrogen bonds
62)
hydrogen bonds
63)
primary
secondary tertiary
quaternary
64) DNA
--> RNA --> proteins
65)
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
66)
contains one less oxygen atom.
67complementary
pairing of the nitrogenous bases.
68)
the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the
utilization of water
69) in
which carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are present in a ratio of 1:2:1.
70)
catabolism
71)
Living organisms can convert energy among several different forms. Living
organisms can use energy to do work. Organisms
expend energy in order to decrease their entropy
72)
ATP serves as a main energy shuttle inside cells.
ATP drives endergonic
reactions in the cell by the enzymatic transfer of the phosphate group to
specific reactants.
The regeneration of
ATP from ADP and phosphate is an endergonic reaction.
73)
Add a catalyst.
74)
lowering the energy of activation of a reaction.
75)
curve 3
76)
curve 4
77)
coenzyme
78)
Enzymes
may require a nonprotein cofactor or ion for catalysis to take place.
Enzyme
function is reduced if the three-dimensional structure or conformation of an
enzyme is altered.
Enzyme
function is influenced by physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH
and temperature.
Enzymes
increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers.
79)
cellular respiration
80)
their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.