RESPIRATION review answers revised

1) cellular respiration

2) The molecule that is reduced gains electrons. The molecule that is oxidized loses electrons.

3) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced.

4) glycolysis

5) chemiosmotic phosphorylation

6) food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

7)acetyl CoA

8) mitochondrial inner membrane

9) 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced.

10)FADH₂

11) act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.

12) has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work.

13) molecular oxygen (O₂)

14) oxidative phosphorylation

15) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase

16) the electron transport chain; ATP synthesis

17) the difference in H⁺ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

18) creation of a proton gradient.

19) inner membrane

20) 6

21) 76

22) glycolysis

23) glycolysis

24) 4

25) NADH; oxidized

26) the H⁺ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

27) NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain in respiration only.

28) the citric acid cycle.

B 29

C 30

C 31)

A 32)

A 33)

E 34)

35) 1

36) α-ketoglutarate

37) 11

38) 18

39) 10

40) 4 FADH₂ and 12 NADH

41) 3 ATP, 6 CO₂, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH₂

42) oxygen.

43) cytosol

44) substrate-level phosphorylation.

45) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

46) retained in the pyruvate.

47) NADH and pyruvate

48) 2

49) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

50) oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

51) in the cytosol.

52) FADH₂ and NADH.

53) lactate; NAD⁺

54) ATP, CO₂and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

55) ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

56) glycolysis and fermentation

57) acetyl CoA, NADH, H⁺, and CO₂.

58) 2 NADH, 2 H⁺, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H₂O.