Answers even

the Cell

2)  bacteria

4)  plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

6)  A

8)  B

10) proteins

12) endoplasmic reticulum

14)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

16) rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane

18)  lysosome

20) D

22)  A

24C

26) E

28)  ATP is produced. DNA is present. Ribosomes are present.

30)  mitochondria. chloroplasts.

32)  chloroplasts

34)  to maintain a critical limit on cell size

36) cilia flagella

38) ameboid movement formation of cleavage furrows contracting of muscle cells

40) gap junctions

42)  Pili

44)  Chromatin

46)  central vacuole

48) phagocytic white blood cell

 

 

Membranes

54)  nucleic acids.

56) lack of covalent bonds between the lipid and protein components of the membrane, . , weak hydrophobic interactions among  the components in the interior of the membrane. ,the presence of liquid water in the interior of the membrane.

58)  amphipathic.

60)  protein synthesis.

62)  They are usually transmembrane proteins.

64)  maintains membrane fluidity

66)  cell-cell recognition

68)  small and hydrophobic

70) the integrity of the lipid bilayer is broken when the membrane freezes.

72)  the type of transport proteins that are present in the membrane ,the lipid bilayer being permeable to primarily small, nonpolar molecules

74)  it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

76)  facilitated diffusion.

78) active transport.

80)  facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient and active transport moves them against their gradient.

facilitated diffusion does not rely on cellular energy and active transport does.

facilitated diffusion uses channel or carrier proteins and active transport does not.

82) contributes to the membrane potential.

84)  an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.

86)  Sodium ions are pumped out of a cell against their gradient. ,Potassium ions are pumped into a cell against their gradient. , The pump protein undergoes a conformational change.

88)  It will be on the cytoplasmic side of the ER.

90)  exocytosis.

92) phagocytosis.

94)  defective LDL receptors on the cell membranes  

96) pinocytosis brings only water into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well.

98) passive transport.

100)  into; membranous vesicles

102)  Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.

104)  a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids