Answers
the
Cell
1)
light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
2)
bacteria
3) an
endoplasmic reticulum.
4)
plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the
cytoplasm.
5) The
lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that the basic cellular functions are
different in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.
6)
A
7)
D
8)
B
9)
a nucleolus
10)
proteins
11)
ribosomal RNA
, messenger RNA , proteins
synthesized in the cytoplasm that are part of ribosomes
12)
endoplasmic reticulum
13)
a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
14)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
15)
rough ER
16)
rough ER → vesicles → Golgi → plasma membrane
17)
lysosome
18)
lysosome
19)
Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes
that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
20) D
21)
A
22)
A
23) C
24C
25)
B
26) E
27) B
28)
ATP is produced.
DNA is present.
Ribosomes are
present.
29)
chloroplasts.
30)
mitochondria. chloroplasts.
31)
on the plasma membrane
32)
chloroplasts
33)
a plant or an animal.
34)
to maintain a critical limit on cell size
35) cytoskeletons
36) cilia flagella
37) centriole
38)
ameboid movement
formation of cleavage
furrows
contracting of muscle
cells
39)
integrins.
40)
gap junctions
41)
gap junctions.
42)
Pili
43)
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
44)
Chromatin
45)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
46)
central vacuole
47)
chloroplast
48)
phagocytic white blood cell
Membranes
54)
nucleic acids.
55)
enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature
drops.
56)
lack of covalent bonds between the lipid and protein components of the membrane,
. ,
weak hydrophobic interactions among the
components in the interior of the membrane.
,the presence of
liquid water in the interior of the membrane.
57) by
increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane
58)
amphipathic.
59)
integral proteins.
60)
protein synthesis.
61)
The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to
be further apart.
62)
They are usually transmembrane proteins.
63)
a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another
64)
maintains membrane fluidity
65) glycoproteins
66)
cell-cell recognition
67)
fibers of the extracellular matrix
68)
small and hydrophobic
69)
It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.
70)
the integrity of the lipid bilayer is broken when the membrane freezes.
71)
CO2
72)
the type of transport proteins that are present in the membrane ,the
lipid bilayer being permeable to primarily small, nonpolar molecules
73)
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration.
74)
it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.
75)
The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic
compared to the cells.
76)
facilitated diffusion.
77)
integral proteins
78)
active transport.
79)
active transport.
80)
facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient
and active transport moves them against their gradient.
facilitated
diffusion does not rely on cellular energy and active transport does.
facilitated
diffusion uses channel or carrier proteins and active transport does not.
81)
membrane potential
82)
contributes to the membrane potential.
83)
Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the
cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell.
84)
an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.
85)
electrochemical gradients.
86)
Sodium ions are pumped out of a cell against their gradient.
,Potassium ions are
pumped into a cell against their gradient. , The
pump protein undergoes a conformational change.
87)
an electrogenic pump
, a proton pump
, a contransport
protein
88)
It will be on the cytoplasmic side of the ER.
89)
The types of proteins that are exposed on one side of a membrane are
nearly identical to those exposed on the other side of the membrane.
90)
exocytosis.
91)
phagocytosis
92)
phagocytosis.
93)
phagocytosis
94)
defective LDL receptors on the cell membranes
95)
the production of cell walls by plant cells.
96)
pinocytosis brings only water into the cell, but receptor-mediated endocytosis
brings in other molecules as well.
97)
hydrophobic.
98)
passive transport.
99)
lyse.
100)
into; membranous vesicles
101)
receptor-mediated endocytosis.
102)
Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.
103)
embedded in a lipid bilayer.
104)
a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids