Marine Ecology Review Sheet

True or False

1 The bottom type is an abiotic part of the environment. (T or F)

2 Physiological adaptations can be passed from an individual to its offspring. (T or F)

3 Species that exhibit resource partitioning are likely to be specialists rather than generalists. (T or F)

4 A species' niche is defined as the specific abiotic habitat features to which it is adapted. (T or F)

5 Cleaning associations benefit the cleaner species, which get a steady supply of food, and may benefit the cleaned host by removal of irritating parasites. (T or F)

6 If the primary producers in a particular habitat contain 1 million calories of energy, about 10,000 calories would be expected to make it to the secondary consumers. (T or F)

7 Nutrients are regenerated from detritus and DOM in the oceans by bacteria and fungi. (T or F)

8 Because standing stock and primary productivity are not the same, there can be more herbivores than primary producers. (T or F)

9 Nitrogen and carbon are often limiting factors because each forms a relatively inert gas that few organisms can extract from the atmosphere. (T or F)

10 Most primary producers in the oceans obtain their nitrogen from recycled nitrogen compounds rather than from nitrogen gas. (T or F)

11 Most of the phosphorus entering the ocean is brought in by rivers. (T or F)

12 Life on the floor of the continental shelf below the low tide level is called neritic. (T or F)

13 The mesopelagic is the open-ocean zone that has enough sunlight for some vision but not enough for photosynthesis. (T or F)

14 Maintenance of biodiversity is of importance to humans because ecosystem efficiency may decline as species are lost. (T or F)

15 The first level of marine food chains is occupied by

16 Organism able to tolerate wide ranges of salinity. .

17. Meat eaters are called

18 Why is plankton so important?

19. A symbiotic relationship where both individuals benefit is known as

20. The paths that nutrients and energy follow through the living portion of ecosystems are referred to as 21. Which of these groups is arranged in a correct order?

22. The____ is the region of maximum sound transmission in the ocean.

23. Which of the following pairs are roughly synonymous?

24 Which of the following are potential problems in achieving a significant reduction in the rate of the loss of biodiversity?

25 The relationship in which two co-habiting or cooperating organisms benefit each other is called

26 Primary productivity in the oceans commonly is determined by measuring

28 How much energy is lost at each trophic level of the food pyramid?

29Organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean are known as

30 Organisms that can maintain a constant body temperature are known as

31. What is the role of decomposers in the marine environment?

32. What is detritus and why is it important?

33 What happens to energy as it passes through each trophic level? How is it lost?

34. What is a copepod and why is it important?