Marine Mammal Review

1. Baleen whales are an example of Planktivorous nekton

2 How does a cetacean adapted to determine sound direction underwater? receive sound through the jaw

3 How is breathing similar in cetaceans and pinnipeds? both require a conscience effort

4.Mammals have all of the following characteristics except: they are ectotherms

5.Seals, sea lions, and walruses, which have blubber, flippers, and breed on land, belong to what order Pinnipedia

6. The largest group of pinnipeds is the: Seals

7Manatees and dugongs are related to what land animal? elephants

8.What order spends all of its life in the water? Cetacea

9. Baleen whales lack: teeth

10. Small, toothed whales are often referred to as: dolphins or porpoises

11. Marine mammals have many adaptations that allow them to spend much time

underwater. All of the following are examples of these underwater adaptations except for:Blood flow is shifted from the brain and heart to the gut and extremities.

12. Echolocation is a sense based on: sound waves

13. The spermaceti organ in sperm whales is thought to regulate buoyancy and: focus and direct sound waves

14 Breaching in whales is: leaping into the air and loudly crashing on the surface

15 Delayed implantation of the embryo allows pinnipeds to time the birth of pups with the arrival of the pregnant female in breeding areas

16. Immediately after their birth, the young of cetaceans: swim to the surface of the water

17. The tail of cetaceans ends in a pair of flukes

18 Evidence of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestry is found in small, useless rear-limb bones.

19 Fossils of the earliest whales do not have blowholes.

20 Sirenians are the only strict vegetarians among marine mammals.

· The pleated throat of many baleen whales is used like an expanding accordion to draw in large amounts of water and food.

· Cetaceans move their tails up and down while fishes move theirs side to side.

· Though they are air breathers, some seals have been recorded diving under water for over an hour.

· The blowhole of cetaceans not only allows for breathing air while most of the body is submerged, but also allows for breathing and swallowing simultaneously.

· Echolocation is used not only by most toothed whales, but also by some pinnipeds and probably some baleen whales.

· It is thought that cetaceans produce a mental " picture" of objects using echolocation sounds, since they can recognize objects by sight previously only sensed by sound.

· Breaching may serve as a warning signal or as a means of getting rid of external parasites.

· Most cetacean calves are born head-first in order for the newborn to quickly gulp in air at the surface.

· Pinnipeds often exhibit harem breeding with a dominant male mating with many females and fighting off other males.

· Eared seals use their front flippers for swimming and hind for walking on land.

· Blubber, a thick layer of fat insulates the body as well as providing buoyancy, padding and a source of energy when food is scarce

· . True seals are usually found in cold water and eared seals in warmer water.

· . The longest migration by a bird is 20,000 miles.

· Cetaceans can't survive on land because of their lightweight skeleton which can not support the body out of the water.

· Sperm whales can dive to depths of 3000 feet and stay down for 90 minutes.

· Cetaceans have good eyesight but poor senses of smell and taste.

· . Baleen whales have no teeth and feed on plankton.

· The decrease of kelp beds is related to the increase of sea urchins and decrease of sea otters.

· The retia mirabilia only functions when the marine mammal is diving.

· The tusk of the walrus is used to catch shellfish.

· Sea otters have no blubber

· Baleen whales feed on plankton.

· Birds have fat reserves because they feed constantly.

· The horziontal tails of the whales are adaptations that enable them to dive and surface easily.

· Eared seals use their front flippers for swimming and hind flippers for walking on land.

· Marine mammals are warm blooded and nourish their young on mothers milk.

· Gray whales migrate to Baja California in the winter to breed in the rich tropical waters, then to their summer breeding areas in the northern polar waters.

· The rounded fatty forehead structure, the melon, of toothed whales is thought to receive the sounds for echolocation.

· To dive deeply while breath-holding, all marine mammals rely mainly on a collapsible

· The bends condition is caused by nitrogen bubbles forming in the blood due to pressure changes in diving.

· Marine mammals avoid the bends because they don’t breath at pressures of the deep.

E 19 The following is true concerning whaling by humans:

A) Though most whale species in the Northern Hemisphere are endangered, the species around Antarctica are still plentiful due to their great distance from developed countries.

B) The International Whaling Commission has succeeded in banning all whaling in the world except for that by a few traditional tribal fishers.

C) American boycotts of tuna caught by nets that kill dolphins have succeeded in eliminating most net-caused dolphin deaths around the world.

D) All of the above.

E) None of the above.