Plant Diversity II: The
Evolution of Seed Plants
1) The sporophytes of mosses depend on the gametophytes for water
and nutrition. In seed plants, the
reverse is true. From which seed plant sporophyte structure(s) do the immature (unfertilize(D) gametophytes directly gain water and
nutrition?
2)
Which of the following is not true
concerning the sporophyte or gametophyte generations
of flowering plants?
3)
Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land
plants?
4) All
of the following cellular structures are found in cells of angiosperm and
gymnosperm gametophytes except
5)
Plants with a dominant sporophyte are
successful on land partly because
6)
Seeds commonly provide for each of the following except
7) In
addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the
seed-producing plants?
8) Which of the following most closely
represents the male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants?
9) Suppose
that the cells of seed plants, like the skin cells of humans, produce a pigment
upon increased exposure to UV radiation.
Rank the cells below, from greatest to least, in terms of the likelihood
of producing this pigment.
1. cells
of sporangium
2. cells
in the interior of a subterranean root
3. epidermal
cells of sporophyte megaphylls
4. cells
of a gametophyte
10) In
flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n)
11) A
stamen consists of a(n)
12) Where
in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?
13) A
fruit is most commonly
14)
With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome
count?
15)
Which of the following is not
a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other
plants?
16)
Which of the following traits is not
shared by most angiosperms?
17) Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the
following in common except
18) In
seed plants, which structure or material is considered part of a pollen grain?
19) In terms of alternation of generations, the
pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a
20)
Which of these is most important in making the typical seed more
resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?
21)
Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant ferns because they
22) The
main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by using
23)
Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed plants
that grow
in
dense, single-species stands.
24)
Which of the following statements does not describe a portion of the pine life cycle?
25)
Which of the following statement is not
generally true of the pine life cycle?
26)
Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is
the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development,
assuming that fertilization occurs?
1. sporophyte embryo
2. female
gametophyte
3. egg
cell
4. megaspore
27)
Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees,
from the largest structure to the
smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. sporophyte
2. microspores
3. microsporangia
4. pollen
cone
5. pollen
nuclei
28)
Which of the following statements is false?
29)
Before pollination occurs, what does an individual flower potentially
have that an individual pine cone does not
have?
30)
Which trait(s) is (ar(E) shared by modern
gymnosperms and angiosperms?
1. pollen
transported by wind
2. tracheids
3. microscopic
gametophytes
4. sterile
sporophylls, modified to attract pollinators
5. endosperm
31) Which structure is common to both gymnosperms
and angiosperms?
32) A
botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and a cell wall
made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a phylum, all of the following
would provide useful information except whether or not the plant has
33)
What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, and pine cone scales?
34)
Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery
shell. Similarly, sporophytes
of both gymnosperms and angiosperms protect embryos within ________, and they
also protect male gametophytes against desiccation using ________.
For the following questions, match the various
structures of seed plants with the proper sex and generation (A-(D) that most
directly produces them.
A. male gametophyte
B. female gametophyte
C. male sporophyte
D. female sporophyte
35) scale of ovulate (ovule-bearing) pine cone
36)
integument of pine nut
37) egg
cell in the embryo sac
38)
fruit
39)
pollen tube
40)
Which of these would have been the most likely dietary staple for a
20-foot-tall, bipedal, herbivorous dinosaur of about 100 million years ago?
41) All
of the following are characteristic of angiosperms except
42) All
of the following are sporophyte structures except
43)
Which of the following statements is not
true of monocots?
44) Carpels and stamens are
modified
sporophylls.
45) All of the following statements are true of
angiosperm carpels except that they
46) A
hypothetical angiosperm opens its flowers only at night. The flowers are brown and emit a putrid
odor. The pollinator is most likely to
be which organism?
47) How
have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?
48) In
flowering plants, meiosis occurs specifically in the
49)
Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that
they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm.
1. ovary
2. ovule
3. egg
4. carpel
5. embryo
sac
50) Which structure(s) must pass through the micropyle for successful fertilization to occur in
angiosperms?
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16
chromosomes within each nucleus. Match
the number of chromosomes present in each of the onion tissues listed below.
A. 4
B. 8
C. 16
D. 24
E. 32
51) How
many chromosomes should be in a tube cell nucleus?
52) How
many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?
53) How
many chromosomes should be in a generative cell nucleus?
54) How
many chromosomes should be in an embryo sac nucleus?
55) How
many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?
56) Double fertilization means that angiosperms
57)
Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization in
angiosperms is to
coordinate
developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores.
58)
Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?
59)
Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit?
60) All
of the following are found in angiosperms except
61)
Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. This success is
due to all of the following except
62) A
plant whose reproductive parts produce nectar should be expected to
63) If
the "mostly male" hypothesis for the origin of flowers is correct,
then the development of which gymnosperm structure below should be controlled
by genes most similar to those that control the development of bisexual
flowers?
64)
Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are probably an
adaptation that
65)
Which feature of honeybees probably arose under the mutual evolutionary
influence of flowering plants that are not
wind pollinated?
66) The
fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed
is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces, such as the
branches of host plants or the beaks of birds.
What should be expected of the pericarp if the
viscosity of Viscum
seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for
infecting host plant tissues?
For the following
questions, match the adaptations of the various fruits below with the most
likely means used by the fruit to disperse the seeds contained within the fruit
(A-E).
A. animal skin, fur, or feathers
B. animal digestive tract
C. water currents
D. gravity and terrain
E. air currents
67) The fruit is made of material high in
calories.
68) The
fruit is covered with spines or hooks.
69) The
fruit contains an air bubble.
70) The
fruit has a heavy weight and spheroidal shape.
71) The
fruit has light, fibrous plumes or puffs.
72)
Over human history, which process has been most important in improving
the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?
73)
What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
74)
Which of the following is not
a valid argument for preserving tropical forests?
75)
Assume that a botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of
discovering plants with medicinal properties. All of the following might be
ways of identifying potentially useful plants except
76) In
pines, an embryo is a(n) ________.
77) In
pine trees, pollen grains get to the ovule via the
78) In
pine trees, microsporangia form ________ microspores
by ________.