Plant
Diversity I: Review
1) One of the major distinctions between plants
and the green algae is that
2) The most recent common ancestor of all land
plants was most similar to modern-day members of which group?
3) Peptidoglycan is to
the structural integrity of bacteria as ________ is to the structural integrity
of plant spores.
4) Which kind of plant tissue should lack phragmoplasts?
5) The following are common to both charophyceans and land plants except
6) A number of characteristics are very similar
between charophyceans and members of the kingdom Plantae. Of the following, which characteristic does not provide evidence for a close
evolutionary relationship between these two groups?
7) A researcher wants to develop an assay (test)
that will distinguish charophyceans and land plants
from chlorophyte green algae. Which of the following
chemicals would be the best subject for such an assay?
8) In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear envelope
disintegrates during mitosis. This
disintegration does not occur in the cells of most protists
and fungi. According to our current
knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature a mitosis
most similar to that of land plants?
9) On a field trip, a student in a marine
biology class collects an organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls
of cellulose, and chloroplasts with chlorophyll a. Based on this
description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, a charophycean recently washed into the ocean from a
freshwater or brackish water source, or a land plant washed into the
ocean. Which of the following features
would definitively identify this organism as a land plant?
Figure
29.1
10) Figure 29.1 indicates varying cellulose
contents among five different organisms.
You are given five samples (A-(E) of equal dry weights of a brown alga,
a red alga, a marine green alga, a land plant, and a charophycean.
Chemical analysis reveals the cellulose contents shown here. Which samples are probably from streptophytes?
11) Which of the following is characteristic of
alternation of generations in land plants?
12) Some green algae exhibit alternation of
generations. All land plants exhibit
alternation of generations. No charophyceans exhibit alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from
molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of
these observations is that
13) Bryophytes have all of the following
characteristics except
14) Which of the following characteristics, if
observed in an unidentified green organism, would make it unlikely to be a charophycean?
15) Whereas the zygotes of charophyceans
may remain within maternal tissues during their initial development, one should
not expect to observe
16) Which putative taxon
is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
Choose the adaptation below that best meets
each particular challenge for life on land.
Choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. nonflagellated sperm
B. tracheids and phloem
C. secondary
compounds
D. cuticle
E. alternation
of generations
17)
protection from predators
18)
protection from desiccation
19)
transport of water, minerals, and nutrients
20)
reproduction away from water
21)
Which of the following was not
a challenge for survival of the first land plants? animal
22) The
following are all adaptations to life on land except
23) Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes all of the following more possible
except
24) Which of the following is not a secondary compound of embryophytes?
25) Which event during the evolution of land
plants probably made the synthesis of secondary compounds most beneficial?
26) If one were attempting to catalog the largest amount of genetic diversity
among plant-like organisms, then which group of organisms should one choose?
27) Which of these should have had gene sequences
most similar to the charophycean that was the common
ancestor of the land plants?
28) Plant spores give rise directly to
29) Which of the following statements is true of
archegonia?
30) Which of the following is a true statement
about plant reproduction?
31) Assuming that they all belong to the same
plant, arrange the following structures from smallest to largest.
1. antheridia
2. gametes
3. gametophytes
4. gametangia
32) The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one- to
two-cell-layers thick. Consequently,
which of these is least likely to be
found associated with such appendages?
33) Each of the following is a general
characteristic of bryophytes except
34) The following are all true about the life
cycle of mosses except
35) Beginning with the germination of a moss
spore, what is the sequence of structures that develop after germination?
1. embryo
2. gametes
3. sporophyte
4. protonema
5. gametophore
36)
Bryophytes may feature all of the following at some time during their
existence except
37) A fungal infection damages all calyptra, preventing them from performing their
function. Which process will be directly
hindered as a result?
38) Two, small, poorly drained lakes lie close to
each other in a northern forest. The
basins of both lakes are composed of the same geologic substratum. One lake is surrounded by a dense Sphagnum mat; the other is not. Compared with the pond without Sphagnum, the pond surrounded by the
moss should have
39) If you are looking for structures that
transfer water and nutrients from a bryophyte gametophyte
to a bryophyte sporophyte, then on which part of the sporophyte should you focus your efforts?
40) Bryophytes never formed forests (mats maybe,
but not forests) because
41) In which of the following does the sporophyte depend on the gametophyte
for nutrition?
42) All things being equal, except the number of sporangia initially present, which of the
following land plants should be most able to continue producing spores
following an episode of herbivory that leaves the
plant alive?
43) Of the following list, flagellated (swimming)
sperm are generally present in which groups?
1. Lycophyta
2. Bryophyta
3. Angiosperms
4. Chlorophyta
5. Pterophyta
44) The
following characteristics all helped seedless plants become better-adapted to
land except
45) A botanist discovers a new species of plant
in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the
following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte
and sporophyte generations, and no seeds. This plant
is probably most closely related to
46) The sori of ferns
are both homologous and analogous to which structures?
47) A major change that occurred during the
evolution of plants from their algal ancestors was the origin of a branched sporophyte. What
advantage would branched sporophytes provide in this
stage of the life cycle?
48) Sporophylls can be
found in which of the following?
49) Which of the following types of plants would not have been present in the forests
that became coal deposits?
50) If a fern gametophyte
is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia
on the same plant), then it
The
following questions are based on this description:
A biology student hiking in a northern forest
happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears a pinecone-like structure at
its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a cloud of brownish dust. A
pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a
high oil content.
51) This student has probably found a(n)
52) Besides oil, what other chemical should be
detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?
53) Closer observation reveals that these small
spheres are produced on tiny extensions of the stem, each of which helps
compose the pinecone-like structure. Research would reveal that the cone-like
structures are called ________, whereas the small, spore-producing extensions
of the stem are called ________.
54) To which taxon does
this organism seem to belong?
55) A dissection of the interior of the stem
should reveal
56) Assuming that they all belong to the same
plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most
inclusive to least inclusive).
1. spores
2. sporophylls
3. sporophytes
4. sporangia
57) If one
were building a large, log structure during the Carboniferous period, which
plant type(s) would be suitable sources of logs?
58) Which of the following is true of seedless
vascular plants?
59) Working from deep geologic strata toward
shallow geologic strata, what is the sequence in which fossils of these groups
should make their first appearance?
1. charophyceans
2. single-celled green algae
3. hornworts
4. plants with a dominant sporophyte
60)
Angiosperms are most closely related to
61) Which of these was the dominant plant group
at the time that dinosaurs were the dominant animals?
62) Which of these characteristics is shared by
algae and seed plants?
63) In the moss life cycle ________ cells within
a sporangium undergo ________ to produce ________ spores.
64) Where do fern antheridia develop?
65) Which of the following is not evidence that charophyceans
are the closest algal relatives of plants?
66) Which of the following characteristics of
plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophycean
algae?
67) Which of the following is a clade (monophyletic group)?
68) Which of the following characteristics do
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts share?
69) Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular
plants?
70) A heterosporous
plant is one that
71) Which of the following is diploid?
72) Microphylls are
characteristic of which types of plants?
73) During the Carboniferous period, the dominant
plants were
74) Which of the following is a land plant that
produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominant
life cycle?