Review
Protists
1) Protists are alike in that all are
2) All of the following groups had taxonomic
significance in the past, but only one is now considered to be a diverse clade. Which group
is it?
3) Which of the following statements concerning
living phytoplanktonic organisms are true?
1. They are important members of communities surrounding deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
2. They are important primary producers in most aquatic food webs.
3. They are important in maintaining oxygen in Earth's seas and atmosphere.
4. They are most often found growing in the sediments of seas and oceans.
5. They can be so concentrated that they affect
the color of seawater.
4)
Biologists have discovered the kingdom Protista
to be paraphyletic. Which of the following statements
is true, and consistent with this conclusion?
5) The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the
similarity between extant prokaryotes and which of the following?
6) According to the endosymbiotic
theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate?
7) Which of the following statements is
consistent with the hypothesis that certain eukaryotic organelles originated as
prokaryotic endosymbionts? Such organelles
8) Which process allows nucleomorphs
to be first reduced, and then lost altogether, without the loss of any genetic
information from the host cell that ultimately surrounds the nucleomorph?
9) Which organisms represent the common ancestor
of all photosynthetic plastids found in eukaryotes?
10) The chloroplasts of modern plants are thought
to have been derived according to which sequence?
11) The evolution of eukaryotes
from prokaryotes probably
12) The goal in classifying organisms should be
to create categories that reflect the evolutionary histories of organisms. What
system would be best to use?
13) The current state of the revision of "protistan" taxonomy is an example of which feature of
good scientific practice?
14) A mixotroph loses
its plastids yet continues to survive.
Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival?
15) Biologists suspect that endosymbiosis
gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because
almost all eukaryotes
have mitochondria, while only autotrophic eukaryotes generally have plastids.
16) Dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates are placed in the clade Alveolata because they all
17) In ciliates, the process that produces
genetic variation through the exchange of nuclei is
18) In life cycles with an alternation of
generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate
with
19) Which protists form
colorful, multinucleate masses?
20) Assuming that all of the flagella found among
the various types of protists require the same amount
of ATP per unit time to operate, and assuming that all of an individual protist's flagella are in use simultaneously, then which of
these protists should use the greatest amount of ATP
per unit time to move about?
21) Which of the following groups does not include many planktonic
species?
22) Organisms classified as Euglenozoa
have previously been classified as protozoans, protista, plants, and animals. Why the confusion?
23) When a protist
possesses two flagella, both are generally used for propulsion. Assuming that a flagellum containing a
crystalline rod cannot undulate back and forth, and assuming that two undulatory flagella can produce more effective locomotion
than can a single flagellum, which of these organisms should have the least effective locomotion?
24) Which two genera have members that can evade
the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins?
1. Plasmodium
2. Trichomonas
3. Paramecium
4. Trypanosoma
5. Entamoeba
25) Which
of the following marine organisms produce potent neurotoxins that cause
extensive fish kills, contaminate shellfish, and create severe respiratory
irritation to humans along the shore?
26) Which structure(s) consist(s), at least in
part, of DNA?
27) A paramecium is a
28) Which of these groups includes multicellular organisms?
29) Which group(s) within the Alveolata
include(s) members that are important in ocean food webs, cause(s) red tides
that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous?
30) Which of the following statements concerning protists is false?
31) Which of the following is not characteristic of ciliates?
32) Which process results in genetic
recombination, but is separate from the process wherein the population size of
paramecium increases?
33) Why is the filamentous morphology of the
water molds considered a case of convergent evolution with the hyphae of fungi?
34) The Irish potato famine was caused by an
organism that belongs to which group?
35) Which
of these groups consist of parasitic flagellated cells, such as Trypanosoma, the
organism that causes sleeping sickness?
Choose
the nutritional mode that is primarily employed by each of the protists listed below.
A. autotrophic
B. mixotrophic
C. heterotrophic
(by absorption)
D. heterotrophic
(by ingestion)
36) diatoms
37) oomycetes
38) phagocytic euglenids that possess functional chloroplasts
39) amoebozoans that do
not possess endosymbionts
40) Which of the following is correctly described
as a primary producer?
41) A certain unicellular eukaryote
has a siliceous (glasslike) shell and autotrophic
nutrition. To which group does it
belong?
42) Which of the following are actual mutualistic partnerships that involve a protist
and a host organism?
43)
Concerning diatoms' potential use as drug-delivery systems, which
anatomical feature would seem to be most
important?
44) The largest seaweeds belong to which group?
45) A large seaweed that floats freely on the
surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the
following?
46) The following are all characteristic of the
water molds (Oomycot(A) except
47) Theoretically, which two of the following
present the richest potential sources of silica?
1. marine sediments consisting of foram tests
2. diatomaceous earth
3. marine sediments consisting of radiolarian tests
4. marine sediments consisting of dinoflagellate plates
48)
Thread-like pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group?
49) Which two heterotrophic
organisms most commonly derive nutrition from endosymbiotic
relationships with photosynthetic protists?
1. ciliates
2. slime molds
3. parabasalids
4. reef-building coral animals
5. foraminiferans
50) Which
of the following produce the dense glassy ooze of the deep-ocean floor?
51) A snail-like, coiled, porous shell of calcium
carbonate is characteristic of which group?
52) What provides the best rationale for not classifying the slime molds as
fungi? Their
53) Which taxonomic group containing eukaryotic organisms is thought to be directly ancestral to
the plant kingdom?
54) What makes certain red algae appear red?
55) The structure and biochemistry of
chloroplasts in red algae are most like the structure and biochemistry of
chloroplasts in which of the following organisms?
56) A biologist discovers an alga that is marine,
multicellular, and lives at a depth reached only by
blue light. This alga probably belongs
to which group?
57) If blue light is the component of the visible
spectrum that can penetrate to the greatest depth in water, then what should be
expected of photosynthetic protists that survive at
great depths?
58) Members of the green algae often differ from
members of the plant kingdom in that some green algae
Choose
the organism from the list below that best fits each of the following
descriptions.
A. euglenozoans
B. Chlamydomonas
C. dinoflagellates
D. stramenopiles
E. diplomonads
59) have one hairy and one smooth flagellum
60) have two identical, functional flagella,
roughly parallel to each other and emerging from about the same site
61) possess
more than two identical, functional flagella
62) have one normal and one
crystalline-rod-containing flagellum
63) have one flagellum oriented at 90 degrees to
the second flagellum