Animal
Diversity Inverts Review
1) Most animals exhibit the following structures
or functions except
2) Which of the following terms or structures is
not associated with animals?
3) A researcher is trying to construct a
molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is
absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which
to base the phylogeny?
4) Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What
distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition
5) The young of some insects are merely small
versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat
different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors
the evolution of the latter more radical kind of metamorphosis?
6) What is the correct sequence of the following
four events during an animal's development?
1. gastrulation
2. metamorphosis
3. fertilization
4. cleavage
7) At which
stage would one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic
embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
8) Which of the following is not unique to animals?
9) The number of legs an insect has, or the number
of vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of joints in a digit (such as
a finger) are all strongly influenced by ________ genes.
10) What should animals as diverse as corals and
monkeys have in common?
11) What may have occurred to prevent species
that are of the same grade from also belonging to the same clade?
12) The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what
sequence, from earliest to most recent?
1. identity and position of paired appendages
in protostome embryos
2. formation of channels in sponges
3. anterior-posterior orientation of segments
in protostome embryos
4. positioning of tentacles in cnidarians
5. anterior-posterior orientation of somites in vertebrate embryos
13) Almost
all of the major animal body plans seen today appeared in the fossil record
over 500 million years ago at the beginning of the
14) Evidence of which structure or characteristic
would be most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran
fauna?
15) Which statement is most consistent with the
hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey
relationships?
16) Which of these genetic processes may be most
helpful in accounting for the Cambrian explosion?
17) Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian
explosion is a prime example of
18) Fossil evidence indicates that the following
events occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent?
1. Protostomes invade terrestrial environments.
2. Cambrian explosion occurs.
3. Deuterostomes
invade terrestrial environments.
4. Vertebrates become top predators in the seas.
19) If one
encounters the deepest stratum in which aquatic and flying reptiles can be
found, then one has likely found a stratum that was laid during which era?
20) What is the probable sequence in which the
following clades of animals originated, from earliest
to most recent?
1. tetrapods
2. vertebrates
3. deuterostomes
4. amniotes
5. bilaterians
21) During
which era did the greatest radiation of mammals occur?
22) The major branches of Eumetazoa
are the Radiata and the Bilateria.
These names refer to what characteristic of these animals?
23) Organisms showing radial symmetry would
likely
24) During metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a
transformation from motile larvae to a sedentary (and sometimes sessil(E) existence as adults. What is true of adults, but not of larvae? Adults should
25) Cephalization is
primarily associated with
26) Cephalization is
generally associated with all of the following except
27) Which of the following is an incorrect association of an animal germ
layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise?
28) You are trying to identify an organism. It is
an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic
nor triploblastic. It is probably a
29) What is the main basis for placing the
arthropods and nematodes in the Ecdysozoa in one
hypothesis of animal phylogeny?
30) Which of the following combinations of phylum
and description is incorrect?
31) Which of the following subdivisions of the
animal kingdom encompasses all the others in the list?
32) Bilateral symmetry in the animal kingdom is
best correlated with
33) Acoelomates are
characterized by
34) The distinction between the sponges and other
animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of
35) Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate
should, apart from their digestive systems, have bodies that
36) What distinguishes a coelomate
animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates
37) Which of the following functions is an
advantage of a fluid-filled body cavity?
38) You have before you a living organism, which
you examine carefully. Which of the following should convince you that the organism
is an acoelomate?
39) An animal that swims rapidly in search of
prey that it captures using visual senses concentrated at its anterior end is
likely to be all of the following except
40) The blastopore is a
structure that is evident in the
41) The blastopore
denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a
cavity that is known as the
42) Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?
43) Which of the following characteristics
generally applies to protostome development?
44) Protostome
characteristics include all of the following except
45) Why are annelids, arthropods, and molluscs placed in the same clade?
46) At the phylum level, you are most closely
related to a(n)
47) Protostomes exhibit ________ cleavage; deuterostomes
exhibit ________ cleavage.
48) The most ancient branch point in animal
phylogeny is that between having
49) With the current molecular-based phylogeny in
mind, rank the following from most inclusive to least inclusive.
1. ecdysozoan
2. protostome
3. eumetazoan
4. triploblastic
50) What
does recent evidence from molecular systematics
reveal about the relationship between grades and clades?
51) Echinoderms are
52) What kind of data should probably have the
greatest impact on animal taxonomy in the coming decades?
53) Phylogenetic trees
are best described as
54) According to the evidence collected so far,
the animal kingdom is
55) The common ancestor of all animals was
probably a
56) If a multicellular
animal lacks true tissues, then it can be classified among the
57) According to both the molecular- and
morphology-based animal phylogenies, the following are all protostomes
except
58) Which of the following organisms are deuterostomes?
59) Which of the following statements concerning
animal taxonomy is (are) true?
1. Animals are more closely related to plants
than to fungi.
2. All animal clades
based on body plan have been found to be incorrect.
3. Kingdom Animalia
is monophyletic.
4. Only animals reproduce by sexual means.
5. Animals are thought to have evolved from
flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.
60) If the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is well substantiated in the future, then what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?