DNA/RNA Review

Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

1) What does transformation involve in bacteria?

2) Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately, what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

3) Chargaff's analysis of the relative base composition of DNA was significant because he was able to show that

4) The DNA double helix has a uniform diameter because ________, which have two rings, always pair with ________, which have one ring.

5) What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

6) It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its

7) The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means that

8) Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' 3' direction?

9) What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

10) What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Refer to the following list of enzymes to answer the following questions. The answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A. helicase

B. nuclease

C. ligase

D. DNA polymerase I

E. primase

11) removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments

12) separates the DNA strands during replication

13) covalently connects segments of DNA

14) synthesizes short segments of RNA

15) DNA-cutting enzymes used in the repair of DNA damage

16) What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

17) All of the following are functions of DNA polymerase in DNA replication except

18) Which of these mechanisms ensures that the DNA sequence in the genome remains accurate?

19) Which of the following is analogous to telomeres?

20) Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule?

21) After DNA replication is completed,

22) Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

23) Synthesis of a new DNA strand usually begins with

24) A eukaryotic cell lacking active telomerase would

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein

25) Which of the following represents a similarity between RNA and DNA?

26) The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

27) Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating proteins directly from the DNA is advantageous for the cell because

28) A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is AGT. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

29) A particular eukaryotic protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the maximum number of nucleotides in the DNA that codes for the amino acids in this protein?

30) A codon

31) If the triplet CCC codes for the amino acid proline in bacteria, then in plants CCC should code for

32) RNA polymerase moves along the template strand of DNA in the ________ direction, and adds nucleotides to the ________ end of the growing transcript.

33) What is a ribozyme?

34) What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

35) Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes substantial alteration that includes

36) A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is

37) Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a protein depends on specificity in the

38) What is an anticodon part of?

39) What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule?

40) There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that

some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize two or more different codons. the rules for base pairing between the third base of 41) What are ribosomes composed of?

42) What is the most abundant type of RNA?

43) Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence.

1. An aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the A site.

2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and a polypeptide chain.

3. tRNA leaves the P site, and the P site remains vacant.

4. A small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA.

5. tRNA translocates to the P site.

44) Which of the following is not directly involved in the process of translation?

45) Which of the following components are present upon the completion of translation initiation?

46) During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens?

47) Which of the following does not occur during the termination phase of translation?

48) What are polyribosomes?

49) Of the following types of mutations, which one is likely to be the most common?

50) Sickle-cell disease is probably the result of which kind of mutation?

51) Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?

52) Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides?

53) Translation occurs in

54) What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?

55) The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

56) Which component is not directly involved in the process known as translation?

57) The Y-shaped structure where the DNA double helix is actively unwound during DNA replication is called the

58) What is the function of topoisomerase?