the Cell
1) The
advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that
2) Which of
the following are prokaryotic cells?
3) All of
the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
4) The
volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than
the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for
this observation is that
5) Which of
the following comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is incorrect?
For the following questions, use the lettered
answers to match the structure to its proper cell type. Choose the most
inclusive category. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at
all.
A. a feature of all
cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found
in eukaryotic cells only
D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only
6) plasma membrane
7) tonoplast
8) nucleoid
9) Which of
the following does not contain functional ribosomes?
10) Large
numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of
the following molecules?
11) Which
of the following compounds require the presence of the nuclear pores to move
between the cytoplasm and the interior of the nucleus?
12) Which
of the following organelles is not a common destination for small vesicles that
bud off the Golgi apparatus?
13) Under
which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a
predominance of free ribosomes?
14) Which
type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils,
phospholipids, and steroids?
15) Which
structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from
the cell?
16) Of the
following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the
endomembrane system?
17) Which
of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or
secretion?
18) In
animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of
cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this
compartmentalization?
19) Which
of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein
excretion in prokaryotic cells?
Refer to the
following five terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most
appropriate term for each phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once,
or not at all. A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi
apparatus E. peroxisome
20) produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted
21) contains hydrolytic enzymes
22) helps to recycle the cell's organic material
23) one of the main energy transformers of cells
24) contains its own DNA and ribosomes
25) a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a
plant cell
26) contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various
substrates to oxygen, producing
27) a versatile plant compartment that may hold reserves of
organic compounds or inorganic ions
28) Of the
following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
29) Grana,
thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
30)
Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
31) The
chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized
primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the
corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration?
32) Which
of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
33) A cell
has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma
membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
34) Which
of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton?
35) Motor
proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types
of cellular structures?
36) Which
of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?
37) Which
of the following possesses a microtubular structure similar to a basal body?
38)
Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following?
39) The
extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell
behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the
cell via
40)
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to
which of the following structures in animal cells?
41) Ions
can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of
an adjacent cell through
42)
________ are surface appendages that allow a
bacterium to stick to a surface.
43) In
eukaryotic cells, the first step in protein synthesis is the
44)
________ is composed of DNA and protein.
45) Where
is calcium stored?
46) Which
of these structures is unique to plant cells?
47) Which
of the following is not considered part of the endomembrane system?
48) Which
type of cell would probably provide the best opportunity to study lysosomes?
match
the labeled component of the cell membrane (Figure 7.1) with its description. (49-53)
Cell Membranes
54) All of
the following molecules are part of the cell membrane except
55) The
presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals
56) The
lateral mobility (fluidity) of lipids and proteins in membranes is a
consequence of
57) What is
one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid
when it is extremely cold?
58) The
surface of an integral membrane protein would be best described as
59) When a
membrane is freeze-fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle between the
two layers of phospholipids. In an
electron micrograph of a freeze-fractured membrane, the bumps seen on the
fractured surface of the membrane are
60) All of
the following are functions of integral membrane proteins except
61) Which
of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids
help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?
63) Of the
following functions, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids
of animal cell membranes?
64) What is
one of the functions of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?
65) What
membrane-surface molecules are thought to be most important as cells recognize
each other?
66) An animal cell lacking
oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be
impaired in 67) Which of the following
adheres to the extracellular surface of animal cell plasma membranes?
68) What
kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
69) Which of
the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma
membrane?
70) After a
membrane freezes and then thaws, it often becomes leaky to solutes. The most reasonable explanation for this is
that
71) Which of the following would likely
move through the 72) The selective
permeability of biological membranes is 73)
Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?
It is a passive process in which molecules move
from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower
74) Water
passes quickly through cell membranes because
75) A
patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water,
equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his
veins. What will be the most
76) All of
the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis except
77) What
are the membrane structures that function in active transport?
78) The
movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration
gradient with the help of energy input is
79) Carrier
molecules in the membrane and metabolic energy are required for
80) The
main difference(s) between facilitated diffusion and active transport is (are)
facilitated
diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient and active
transport moves them against their gradient.
81) What is
the voltage across a membrane called?
82) The
sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it
83) If a
membrane protein in an animal cell is involved in the cotransport of glucose
and sodium ions into the cell, which of the following is most likely not
true?
84) The
movement of potassium into an animal cell requires
85) Ions
diffuse across membranes down their
86) What
are the characterizes the sodium-potassium pump?
87) What
mechanisms do plants use to load sucrose produced by photosynthesis into
specialized cells in the veins of leaves?
88) The
sodium-potassium pump in animal cells requires cytoplasmic ATP to pump ions
across the plasma membrane. When the
proteins of the pump are first synthesized in the rough ER, what side of the ER membrane will the ATP
89) Which
of the following statements about membrane structure and function is false?
90) All of the following processes take
material into cells 91) An
organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing which process?
92) The
membrane activity most nearly opposite to exocytosis is
93) White
blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
95) In
addition to exporting materials from the cytoplasm of the cell, the process of
exocytosis is also important in
96) The
difference between pinocytosis and receptor-
98) Oxygen
crosses a plasma membrane by
100)
Endocytosis moves materials ________ a cell via ________.
101)
Cholesterol enters cells via
102) In what way do the various membranes of a eukaryotic cell
differ?
103)
According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of
the membrane are mostly
104) Which of the following factors would tend to increase
membrane fluidity?
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