7e VCC REVIEW 2
Chapter 4-5-8
1) Organic
chemistry is a science based on the study of
2) How many
electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?
3) What
type(s) of bond(s) does carbon have a tendency to form?
4) Which of the following is (are) true about the carbon atoms
present in all organic molecules?
5) What is
the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water?
Figure
4.1
6) The two
molecules shown in Figure 4.1 are best described as
Figure
4.2
7) Observe
the structures of glucose and fructose in Figure 4.2. These two molecules
differ in the
8) Observe
the structures of glucose and fructose in Figure 4.2. These two molecules are
9) A
compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of
the following statements is true concerning this compound?
Figure
4.4
10) What is
the name of the functional group shown in Figure 4.4?
11) Which
of the following contains nitrogen in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
12) Which two
functional groups are always found in amino acids?
13) Amino
acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
The following questions refer to the structures
shown in Figure 4.5.
Figure
4.5
14) Which
of the structures is an impossible covalently bonded molecule?
15) Which
of the structures contain(s) a carboxyl functional group?
16) In
which of the structures are the atoms bonded by ionic bonds?
The
following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6.
Figure
4.6
17) Which
is a hydroxyl functional group?
18) Which
is an amino functional group?
19) Which
is a carbonyl functional group?
20) Which
is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent
cross-links within or between protein molecules?
21) Which
is a carboxyl functional group?
22) Which
is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+
into a solution?
23) Which
is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively
charged?
The following questions refer to the molecules
shown in Figure 4.7.
Figure
4.7
24) Which
molecule is water-soluble because it has a hydroxyl functional group?
25) Which
molecule is an alcohol?
26) Which
molecule contains a carboxyl group?
27) Which
molecule can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions
in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?
The following questions refer to the molecules
shown in Figure 4.8.
Figure
4.8
28) Which
molecule contains a sulfhydryl functional group?
29) Which
molecule functions to transfer energy between organic molecules?
30) Which
molecule contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?
31) Which
molecule is a thiol?
32) Which
molecule is an organic phosphate?
33) Which molecule can function as a base?
34) Which of the following statements is (are) true about
the phosphate ion?
35)
Hydrocarbons
36) Organic
chemistry is currently defined as
37) The
gasoline consumed by an automobile is a fossil fuel consisting mostly of
38) Which
action could produce a carbonyl group?
39) Which
functional group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule
behaving as a base?
40) Which
of the following is not one of the four major groups of macromolecules
found in living organisms?
41)
Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from
monomers by which process?
42) Which
of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions
and hydrolysis?
43) A
molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is
probably a
Figure
5.1
44) If 128
molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 were covalently joined
together in sequence, the single molecule that would result would be a
45) Humans
can digest starch but not cellulose because
humans have enzymes that
can hydrolyze the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta
(β) glycosidic 46) Which of the
following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules
known as lipids?
47)
Triacylglycerol is a
48)
Saturated fatty acids
Figure
5.2
49) What is
the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.2?
Figure
5.3
50) The
molecule shown in Figure 5.3 is a
51) A
polypeptide can best be described as a
52) The 20
different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and
physical properties because of different
Figure
5.5
B 53) The chemical reaction illustrated in
Figure 5.5 results in the formation of a (an)
54) The
bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of
the following?
55)
Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they
56)
Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following
compounds?
Refer to Figure 5.6 to answer the following
questions.
Figure
5.6
57) At
which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide,
back to its component amino acid?
58) Which
bond is closest to the N-terminus of the molecule?
59) Which
bond is closest to the C-terminus of the molecule?
60) Which
bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
61) What
maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
62) Which
type of interaction stabilizes the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β)
pleated sheet structures of proteins?
63)
Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could
change the function of a protein?
64) Which
of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic
cells?
65) Which
of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as
nucleotides?
66) The
difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in
DNA
67) The
structural feature that allows DNA to replicate is the
68) Which
of the following is an example of hydrolysis?
69)
Carbohydrates generally have a molecular formula
70) Which
term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large
molecules into smaller ones?
71) Which
of the following statements correctly describe(s) some aspect of energy in
living organisms?
72) Which of the following statements regarding ATP is (are)
correct?
73) How can
one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
74) An
enzyme catalyzes a reaction by
Refer to Figure 8.1 to answer the following
questions.
Figure
8.1
75) Which
curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in
hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?
76) Which
curve was most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach
where conditions are strongly acid?
77) What is
a nonprotein "helper" of an enzyme molecule called?
78) Which
of the following is true of enzymes?
79) In your
body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the
chemical energy found in ATP?
80) Some
bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because