Chp 6 objectives

Why This Chapter Matters

1. Photosynthesis powers chemical processes that make organic molecules. We can trace the energy in all of our food to the sun.

2. The mechanisms of cellular respiration are fundamental to the lives of most organisms on Earth and reveal their basic evolutionary relationships.

3. Fermentation is used by our cells in times of temporary oxygen shortage and by humans to produce foods and beverages.

Chapter Objectives

Biology and Society: Marathoners versus Sprinters

1. Explain how differences in muscle fibers relate to athletic performance.

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere

2. Explain why photosynthesis is important to most ecosystems.

3. Define and compare autotrophs and heterotrophs, producers and consumers.

4. Explain how the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary to each other.

Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy

5. Compare the processes of cellular respiration and breathing.

6. Write and explain the overall equation for cellular respiration.

7. Explain how the processes of oxidation and reduction are used to transfer electrons from food molecules to NADH, the electron transport chain, and oxygen.

8. Compare the reactants, products, location in the cell, and energy yield of the three stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain).

Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy

9. Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of aerobic metabolism versus fermentation in human cells. Indicate where this process occurs in each type of cell.

Evolution Connection: Life before and after Oxygen

10. Describe the lines of evidence that suggest that glycolysis is a primitive form of metabolism