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Latency is the delay between the time a
frame first starts to leave the source device and the time the first
part of the frame reaches its destination.
A wide
variety of conditions can cause delays as a frame travels from source
to destination:
- Media delays caused by the finite
speed that signals can travel through the physical media.
- Circuit delays caused by the
electronics that process the signal along the path.
- Software delays caused by the
decisions that software must make to implement switching and
protocols.
- Delays caused by the content of the
frame and where in the frame switching decisions can be made. For
example, a device cannot route a frame to a destination until the
destination MAC address has been read.
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