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As the transport layer sends data
segments, it tries to ensure that data is not lost. A receiving host
that is unable to process data as quickly as it arrives could be a
cause of data loss. The receiving host is then forced to discard it.
Flow control avoids the problem of a transmitting host overflowing the
buffers in the receiving host. TCP provides the mechanism for flow
control by allowing the sending and receiving host to communicate. The
two hosts then establish a data-transfer rate that is agreeable to
both.
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