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- Understand the Windows XP boot process
- Troubleshoot system restoration by using Safe Mode
- Explain the operation of the key Windows XP startup files
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- Understand the boot options offered through the Windows Advanced Options
Menu
- Edit the Boot.ini file to manipulate the boot process
- Understand how multiboot configurations are created and how they
function
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- Process of bringing up a completely functional computer
- This process is broken down into two major phases:
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- Boot phase
- Any of a number of stages in the Windows XP boot process
- Load phase
- The Windows XP load phase begins when the kernel assumes control of the
machine
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- First step in the boot sequence for any computer with an operating
system
- Determines the amount of real memory, and whether or not all necessary
hardware components are present
- The actual tests can differ, depending on how the BIOS (Basic
Input/Output System) is configured
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- The software for the POST resides in a special, battery-powered chip
called the CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor)
- This chip can store:
- The software necessary to conduct the POST
- Basic configuration information that the post uses to check the amount
of RAM installed in a system
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- The initial startup sequence involves numerous files and initialization
procedures
- The first sector of the hard disk contains the Master Boot Record (MBR)
and the partition table
- If you are booting from a floppy disk, the first sector contains the partition
boot sector
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- In general, the MBR is independent of the operating system
- Ntldr
- Program that locates and loads the Windows XP operating system files in
the root folder
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- System partition
- Partition that contains the MBR and partition boot sector
- Boot partition
- Partition that contains the Windows XP files
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- Boot loader processing and files:
- Select an operating system to boot
- Load the related operating system files from the boot partition
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- Boot selection menu
- Represents the point at which users can select which operating system
they would like to load
- Also called the boot loader screen
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- Ntdetect.com is executed by the boot loader and is used to collect a
list of hardware currently installed in the computer
- Once hardware is detected, the system needs to select a system
configuration
- Otherwise known as a hardware profile
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- The Windows XP boot configuration can be controlled through its
configuration file, Boot.ini
- This file consists of two sections:
- [boot loader]
- [operating systems]
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- Contains two or more items:
- Timeout
- This setting defines the number of seconds the system waits for the
user to select an operating system before loading the default
operating system
- Default
- This setting in Boot.ini lists the path to the default operating
system
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- Lists the available operating systems
- Each listing contains:
- The path to the boot partition for the operating system
- The text displayed in the boot loader screen
- Optional parameters
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- In the Boot.ini file, the path pointing to the \WINDOWS directory is
written using the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) pathname
- Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) pathname
- Naming convention used in the Boot.ini file to define the particular
hard disk and partition where Windows XP operating system files reside
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- Scsi(n) or multi(n)
- Disk(n)
- Rdisk(n)
- Partition(n)
- \path
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- To make changes to a Boot.ini file, the user has two options:
- Use the Control Panel to edit this file indirectly
- Use a text editor to change the file directly
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- Using the Control Panel to make changes to Boot.ini is the safest way to
proceed
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- You can use Notepad or any other text editor to edit Boot.ini
- As with any initialization file, you should be careful when editing the
file
- If you configure the file incorrectly, Windows XP might not boot
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- The Windows XP load phase consists of the following five stages:
- Loading the kernel
- Initializing the kernel
- Services load
- Windows XP system start
- Logging on
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- Control set
- A special set of Registry values that describes a Windows XP machine’s
startup configuration that is saved each time:
- A Windows machine is shut down
- A user successfully logs on for the first time after bootup
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- After its initialization, the kernel creates the Registry key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE
- The kernel also creates the CloneControlSet by making a copy of the
CurrentControlSet
- The kernel then initializes the drivers that were loaded by the boot
loader
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- If drivers experience errors as they load, they send conditions to the
kernel that determines how the error is treated:
- Ignore
- Normal
- Severe
- Critical
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- Services load
- During the services load phase, the kernel starts the Session Manager
- Windows XP system startup
- This brief but meaningful phase of the process is signaled by the
appearance of the Windows XP logon screen as the Win32 subsystem starts
winlogon.exe
- Logging on
- Until a user successfully logs on, the boot process is not complete
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- One of the biggest advantages of the Windows XP operating system is its
ability to peacefully coexist with other operating system
- Each operating system uses one or more file systems to organize the data
within the volumes
- Some operating systems can use the same file system, whereas others are
incompatible
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- Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000
can all exist on the same system as Windows XP
- When Windows XP is to be installed on a system with another operating
system—especially some previous version of Windows—it is important to
specify a different installation partition
- If you plan to use applications from the different versions of Windows
you have installed, you must install the application from each operating
system
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- When installing multiple operating systems on x86-based computers, the
order in which you install the operating systems is important
- When installing multiple versions of Windows XP or Windows 2000 onto the
same system, it really doesn’t matter which one is installed first
- As a general rule, install the newest operating system last and the
oldest first
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- The Windows XP boot process can be daunting, but it is not nearly as
mysterious as one first supposes
- It follows the same general boot steps as any other operating systems
and, in fact, “plays well with others”
- When the boot menu appears, you can press F8 to access the Windows
Advanced Options Menu
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- After the boot loader, the kernel is loaded into memory and is granted
control of the computer
- The boot process can be altered by changing the Boot.ini file
- Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000
can all exist on the same system as Windows XP
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