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- Understand networking in Windows XP
- Understand Windows XP’s networking protocols
- Configure and use TCP/IP protocols and services
- Access NetWare servers and services from Windows XP
- Understand Windows XP Remote Tools
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- Windows XP
- The most versatile Windows operating system from Microsoft to date
- Capable of establishing a network connection through a myriad devices
and technologies
- Designed specifically to offer easy-to-use networking capabilities for
both inexperienced home users and enterprise-level networked
organizations
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- Windows XP is designed for networking
- It has all the elements necessary for interacting with a network
without requiring any additional software
- Numerous components work together to define its networking capabilities
- Each component provides one or more individual network functions and
defines an interface through which data moves on its way to and from
other system components
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- Windows XP supports two network transport protocols:
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- NWLink
- Both of these protocols can be used on any network of any size
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- TCP/IP has become the platform for a staggering variety of network
services, including:
- Newsgroups (NNTP)
- Electronic mail (SNMP and MIME)
- File transfer protocol (FTP and ANS)
- Remote printing (lpr, lpd, lpq utilities)
- Remote boot (bootp and DHCP)
- World Wide Web (HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
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- Network Basic Input/Output System
- Client/server interprocess communication service developed by IBM in
1985
- NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
- Network protocol in TCP/IP stack that provides NetBIOS naming services
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- Supports networking services better than other Windows XP protocols
through its multiple components
- Supports multiple routing protocols that in turn support large, complex
networks
- Incorporates better error detection and handling
- Works with more kinds of computers than any other protocol suite
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- Connectionless
- Class of network transport protocols that makes only a “best effort” at
delivery
- Includes no explicit mechanisms to guarantee delivery or data integrity
- Connection-oriented
- Class of network transport protocols that include guaranteed delivery,
explicit acknowledgement of data receipt, and a variety of other data
integrity checks
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- Neither extremely fast nor terribly easy to use
- Configuring and managing a TCP/IP-based network requires:
- A fair degree of expertise
- Careful planning
- Constant maintenance and attention
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- NWLink is Microsoft’s implementation of Novell’s IPX/SPX protocol stack
- Rather than supporting the native Novell Open Datalink Interface (ODI),
NWLink works with the NDIS (Network Device Interface Specification)
driver technology that’s native to Windows XP
- NWLink is sufficiently complete to support the most important IPX/SPX
APIs
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- NWLink offers some powerful capabilities, including:
- SPX II
- Auto detection of frame types
- Direct hosting over IPX
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- On large networks, IPX may not scale well
- IPX lacks a built-in facility for centralized name and address
management like the service that DNS provides for TCP/IP
- IPX imposes a greater memory footprint on DOS machines and runs less
efficiently across slow serial connections
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- Both NetBEUI and DLC have been greatly de-emphasized in Windows XP
- NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)
- Simple transport program developed to support NetBIOS installations
- Data Link Control (DLC)
- Network transport protocol that allows connectivity to mainframes,
printers, and servers running Remote Program Load software
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- Mechanism that defines a way for internal Windows processes to exchange
information
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- Names pipes
- Provides support for a connection-oriented message passing service for
clients and servers
- Mailslots
- Connectionless version of named pipes
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- NetBIOS
- Widely used, but simple PC client/server mechanism
- Because it is so easy to program, it has remained quite popular ever
since IBM published its definition in 1985
- NetBIOS services are required to permit older Windows networks to
operate, or to permit older clients and servers to operate on a
Microsoft Windows network
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- Windows Sockets (WinSock)
- Define a standardized and broadly deployed interface to network
transports such as TCP/IP and IPX
- Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
- Implements IPC tools that can invoke separate programs on remote
computers, supply them with input, and collect whatever results they
produce
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- Network Dynamic Data Exchange (NetDDE)
- Creates ongoing data streams called exchange pipes between two
applications across a network
- This process works just like Microsoft’s local DDE
- Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)
- Protocol that facilitates the communication of application components
over a network by providing a reliable, secure, and efficient mechanism
for exchanging information
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- Windows Network Interface (Wnet)
- This interface allows applications to take advantage of Windows XP
networking capabilities through a standardized API
- Win32 Internet API (WinInet)
- Mechanism that enables applications to take advantage of Internet
functionality without requiring extensive proprietary programming
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- Examines all requests for system resources and decides whether such
requests are:
- Handles transmissions of remote requests across networks so that the
requests are filled
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- Workstation service
- Supports client access to network resources and handles functions such
as logging in, connecting to network shares and creating links using
Windows XP’s IPC options
- Has two elements:
- The User mode interface
- The redirector
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- Server service
- Handles the creation and management of shared resources and performs
security checks against requests for such resources
- Divided into two elements:
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- Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider (MUP)
- The boundary layer that defines a link between applications that make
UNC requests for different redirectors
- Client Service for NetWare (CSNW)
- Service included with Windows XP Professional that provides easy
connection to NetWare servers
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- Universal Naming Convention (UNC)
- UNC names represent the format used in NetBIOS-oriented name resolution
systems
- Multi-Provider Router (MPR)
- File system service that can designate the proper redirector to handle
a resource request that does not use UNC naming
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- The Windows XP networking system is controlled by a single multifaceted
interface called Networks Connections
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- Creates a virtual bridging router between two or more network
interfaces, effectively connecting multiple network segments
- Able to connect network segments even if they use different protocols
and different topologies
- Microsoft has included the network bridging capability in Windows XP to
help encourage the creation of networks both in small offices and at
home
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- Previously known as the Home Networking Wizard
- Used to configure:
- Non-domain networks for small offices
- Home use of Windows XP
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- Bindings
- Refers to the order in which Windows XP networking components are
linked
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- TCP/IP
- Supports easy cross-platform communications
- Provides the technical foundations for the worldwide Internet
- TCP/IP is actually a suite of protocols
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- Provides source and destination addressing and routing in the TCP/IP
suite
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- Subnet
- Portion of a network that might or might not be physically separate
network
- Subnet mask
- Number used to define which part of a computer’s IP address denotes the
host and which part denotes the network
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- Internet Control Message Protocol
- Used to send control messages between IP hosts
- Address Resolution Protocol
- Used to associate a logical (IP) addresses to a physical (MAC) address
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Used to automatically configure computers
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- The primary Internet transport protocol
- Accepts messages of any length and provides transportation to a TACP
peer on a remote network host
- Connection-oriented, so it provides more reliable delivery than
connectionless-oriented IP
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- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Connectionless protocol
- Generally faster, although less reliable, than TCP
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Provides file transfer services, as well as directory and file
manipulation services
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- Telnet
- Remote terminal emulation protocol that is primarily used to provide
connectivity between dissimilar systems
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Used to provide IP-based messaging services
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
- TCP/IP protocol used for network management
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- The Berkeley R Utilities
- Includes such commands as:
- Rsh (remote shell)
- Rexec (remote execution)
- PING
- Command-line utility that uses the ICMP protocol to inquire if a
designated host is reachable on the network
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- Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
- Lightweight analog of FTP that uses UDP as its transport protocol
rather than TCP
- The HOSTS file
- Static file placed on members of a network to provide a resolution
mechanism between host names and IP addresses
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- Domain Name Service (DNS)
- Handles the job of translating a symbolic name into a corresponding
numeric IP address
- The LMHOSTS file
- Static file placed on members of a network to provide a resolution
mechanism between NetBIOS names and IP addresses
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- Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
- Not a true native TCP/IP service; it is an extension added by Microsoft
- IPCONFIG
- Used to manage and view information related to DHCP and DNS
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- There are a wide range of TCP/IP command line tools used for network
connectivity analysis and troubleshooting
- NETSTAT
- Displays a list of active TCP connections
- NBSTAT
- Displays protocol statistics for NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT), NetBIOS
name tables, and the NetBIOS name cache
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- TCP/IP configuration is performed through the Network Connections
interface
- TCP/IP configuration takes place in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Properties dialog box
- There are two ways to assign an IP address to a computer:
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- Microsoft has included preliminary support for IPv6 in Windows XP
- IPv6 aims to correct the address shortage and improve other aspects of
TCP/IP, including security and efficiency
- Once IPv6 has been finalized, Microsoft will most likely include an IPv6
upgrade in a service pack or other downloadable installation module
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- Remote Assistance
- Designed to simplify the task of training users or walking users
through tasks
- Remote Desktop
- Similar to a single client Terminal Services for clients
- Developed so workers can access their work desktops
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- Microsoft includes interconnectivity enhancements to allow Windows
XP-based computers to connect to and function with NetWare servers
- Bindery
- Proprietary database that contains network resource information
- Novell Directory Services (NDS)
- Hierarchical database used by NetWare 4.0 and newer servers to store
network resource and object data
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- Microsoft’s implementation of the IPX/SPX protocol suite
- Can communicate with all NetWare implementations
- IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange)
- Connectionless protocol that provides quick network transport for most
communications on a NetWare network
- SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange)
- Connection-oriented protocol that provides guaranteed packet delivery
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- After installation is complete, NWLink has two configuration options
available:
- Ethernet frame type
- Network numbers
- By default, Windows XP determines the frame type in use on the network
and configures itself accordingly
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- Component of Windows XP Professional that allows Windows XP computers to
access resources on NetWare servers version 2x, 3x, and 4x
- CSNW supports full access to:
- NetWare file and print servers
- NetWare utilities
- Bindery connections
- Some NDS connections
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- To provide access to NetWare file and print servers, CSNW adds a
NetWare-focused redirector that acts as an extension of the file system,
in much the same way that the native redirector supports access to
Microsoft Windows Servers
- CSNW implements NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) requests for file and print
services
- Native redirector uses the Common Internet File System (CIFS) for file
and print services
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- To ensure proper desktop integration in a NetWare server environment,
CSNW supports most NetWare utilities and functions
- NetWare provides access to character-based NetWare administration
utilities such as SYSCON and PCONSOLE
- NWLink and CSNW also support IPX burst mode
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- Versions of NetWare prior to 4.0 used the bindery to store their
configuration information
- NetWare 4.0 uses a Novell Directory Services (NDS) database to store and
maintain information that was previously stored in the bindery
- NDS is a hierarchical database that can be stored on multiple servers on
the network
- An NDS implementation resembles a tree and is referred to as the NDS
tree
- A network object’s location in the NDS tree is called its context
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- Client Services for NetWare relies on NWLink to operate
- If NWLink is not loaded when CSNW is installed, it will be installed
automatically
- Assigning a default tree and context using CSNW
- Preferred server vs. directory tree
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- Because Client Service for NetWare integrates so closely with Windows
XP, connecting to NetWare resources works the same as connecting to
other resources
- Choosing appropriate NetWare client software
- Because Novell also offers its Novell 32-bit Client for Windows, you
may sometimes find yourself forced to choose between the Windows Client
for NetWare Networks or the Novell equivalent when setting up Windows
XP Professional workstations for network access
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- Windows XP Professional provides network access primarily by using
TCP/IP
- Windows XP includes a number of applications that utilize TCP/IP and
provide Internet connectivity
- Windows XP includes several new networking features and utilities
- Windows XP includes the NWLink protocol and CSNW to enable users to
access resources and services from NetWare-based networks
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