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- Introduction
- to Windows XP
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- Describe the Windows XP product family
- Describe the major features of the Windows XP environment
- Understand the Windows XP intelligent user interface
- Define the minimum system requirements for Windows XP Professional
- Understand the two major networking models under which Windows XP can be
used
- Understand the architecture of Windows XP
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- A collection of operating systems (OS)
- Each OS offers the capability of participating in a network as either:
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- Currently consists of two products:
- Windows XP Professional
- Standalone or network client version
- Windows XP Home
- Designed for standalone home use
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- Windows 2000 Professional
- Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
- Windows Me
- Windows SE
- Windows 98
- Windows 95
- Windows for Workgroups
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- Hybrid of:
- Combines Windows 2000 core reliability and security with Windows Me plug
and play capability and connectivity
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- Windows XP Professional supports true multiprocessing
- Support for up to two CPUs is included in every standard version
- Windows XP Home can support only a single CPU
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- Mode of CPU operation in which a computer processes more than one task
at a time
- Windows XP supports two types of multitasking:
- Preemptive multitasking
- Cooperative multitasking
- Windows 3.X, which runs on MS-DOS, is one of the most familiar
examples of this type of environment
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- Refers to a code design in which individual tasks within a single process
space can operate more or less independently as separate, lightweight
execution modules called threads
- Within a process, all threads share the same memory and system
resources
- Multithreading allows an operating system to execute multiple threads
from a single application concurrently
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- Windows XP supports three file systems used to format volumes/partitions
on hard drives:
- FAT (File Allocation Table)
- FAT32
- NTFS
- Preferred files system for Windows XP
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- Control and administration mechanism of Windows XP
- Supported by Windows 2000 or Windows .NET Server to create, sustain, and
administer a domain or group of related domains
- Combines the various aspects of a network into a manageable hierarchical
structure
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- Windows XP was developed to address the following three security needs:
- Enterprise isolation
- Multilevel security
- Auditing and resource tracking
- Isolation of hardware-dependent code
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- Windows XP supports the following application types:
- DOS 16-bit
- Native 32-bit (Win 32)
- Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups 16-bit (Win 16)
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- Windows XP Professional supports huge amounts of hard disk and memory
space:
- RAM
- Hard disk space
- 2 TB for NTFS volumes, 32 GB for FAT32 volumes, and 4 GB for FAT16
volumes
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- Windows XP core OS supports a wide variety of networking protocols:
- NWLink
- Microsoft’s 32-bit implementation of Novell’s NetWare native protocol
stack, IPX/SPX
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
- Set of protocols used on the Internet
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- Windows XP is compatible with many existing network types and
environments and has native support for the following:
- TCP/IP intranets/Internet
- Integrated remote access networks
- Macintosh networks
- Microsoft networks
- Enhanced NetWare Connectivity
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- System recovery
- Boasts broadest system recovery mechanisms of any Windows OS to date
- Remote capabilities
- Builds on networking capabilities of Windows product line by
introducing more options for remote connectivity
- Help and support services
- Boasts the most comprehensive help system in a Windows OS
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- Microsoft-defined minimum requirements:
- 233 MHz CPU or higher microprocessor
- 64 MB of RAM
- 1.5 GB of free space
- SVGA or higher resolution monitor
- Keyboard
- Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device
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- Requirements if installing from a CD-ROM:
- CD-ROM or DVD drive
- High-density 3.5 inch disk drive (not required in all circumstances)
- Requirements if installing over a network:
- Windows XP-compatible NIC and related cable
- Access to network share that contains setup files
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- Contains all known Windows XP-compatible hardware devices
- Finding the HCL
- Easiest place to look is on Windows XP CD-ROM in the Support folder
- Keep in mind the HCL is not a static document
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- Windows XP controls hardware directly
- Does not require a PC’s BIOS
- Means that Windows XP works only with devices and drivers written
specifically for it
- Microsoft’s technical support policy is that any hardware not on the HCL
is not supported for Windows XP
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- Steps to verify components of a computer match or exceed minimum system
requirements defined by Microsoft:
- Open computer case
- Make a list of all present components
- For each of the hardware requirements of Windows XP, verify that the
component in your computer meets or exceeds requirements
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- Steps to verify components of a computer match or exceed minimum system
requirements defined by Microsoft (cont.):
- For each additional component, found in the computer, verify it is
listed on the HCL
- Remove any non-HCL compliant devices and replace them with
HCL-compliant devices
- Proceed with your system installation
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- Networking setup in which users are managed jointly through use of
workgroups to which users are assigned
- Also known as a peer-to-peer network
- Microsoft’s workgroup model for networking distributes resources,
administration, and security throughout a network
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- Networking setup in which there is centralized administrative and
security control
- One or more servers are dedicated to task of controlling the domain by
providing access and authentication for shared domain resources to
member computers
- No matter how many computers it contains, any Windows domain requires at
least one domain controller (DC)
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- Windows XP internal organization and architecture deeply influence its
capabilities and behavior
- Windows XP is a modular operating system
- Windows XP is not built as a single large program
- No two modules share any code
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- All Windows XP processes operate in one of two modes:
- A mode represents a certain level of system and hardware access
- Windows XP is an object-oriented operating system
- In user mode, any request for a system resource ultimately becomes a
request for a particular object
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- Area in which private user applications and their respective subsystems
lie
- All user interaction with a Windows XP system occurs through one user
mode process
- In addition to supporting native 32-bit Windows APIs (application
programming interfaces), a variety of user mode subsystems enable
Windows XP to emulate Win16 and DOS environments
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- Level where objects can be manipulated only by threads directly from an
application subsystem
- Kernel
- Core of the Microsoft Windows XP operating system
- Designed to facilitate all activity within the Executive Services
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- Interfaces that permit kernel and user mode subsystems to communicate
- Windows XP Executive Services consist of several modules:
- I/O Manager
- Security reference Monitor (SRM)
- Internal Procedure Call (IPC) Manager
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- Windows XP Executive Services consist of several modules (cont.):
- Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)
- Process Manager
- Plug and Play Manager
- Power Manager
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- Windows XP Executive Services consist of several modules (cont.):
- Windows Manager
- File Systems Manager
- Object Manager
- Graphics device drivers
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- I/O Manager is composed of the following components:
- Cache Manager
- Network drivers
- Device drivers
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- Internal Procedure Call (IPC) Manager controls application
communications with server processes such as the Win32 subsystem
- This makes applications behave as if dynamic link library calls were
handled directly
- Helps to explain the outstanding ability of Windows XP to emulate
16-bit DOS and Windows runtime environments
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- Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)
- Keeps track of the addressable memory space in the Windows XP
environment
- This includes both physical RAM and one or more paging files on disk,
which are called virtual memory
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- Object Manager maintains following system objects:
- Directory objects
- ObjectType objects
- Link objects
- Event objects
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- Object Manager maintains following system objects (cont.):
- Process and thread objects
- Port objects
- File objects
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- Kernel
- All processes in windows XP consist of one or more threads coordinated
and scheduled by the kernel
- Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)
- Goal of the HAL is to isolate any hardware-dependent code in order to
prevent direct access to hardware
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- Memory architecture of Windows XP helps make this operating system
robust, reliable, and powerful
- Windows XP uses a flat 32-bit memory model
- It is based on a virtual memory, demand paging method that is a flat,
linear address space of up to 2 GB allocated to each 32-bit application
- The unit of memory that the VMM manipulates is called a page
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- Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home are both related to the
up-and-coming Windows .NET Server product line
- The HCL lists all devices known to be compatible with Windows XP
- Windows XP can participate in either of two networking models:
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- Windows XP is based on a modular programming technique
- Windows XP virtual memory model combines the use of both physical RAM
and paging files into a demand paging mechanism to maximize memory use
and efficiency
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