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- Explain the hardware requirements for Windows 2000 Server
- Explain the importance of using Microsoft’s hardware compatibility list
- Determine specifications for your server in terms of the right processor
type, bus type, and advanced bus features
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- Select the right network interface card (NIC) for your server
- Calculate the amount of memory needed for your server
- Plan disk capacity, disk architecture, and fault tolerance
- Plan a backup system and CD-ROM specifications
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- Use the Windows 2000 Server basic system requirements as a starting
point from which to develop server computer specifications
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- Check the Microsoft hardware compatibility list (HCL) before selecting
computer hardware for a server
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- Single-processor computers
- Multiprocessor computers
- Processor upgrades
- PCMCIA hardware
- SCSI adapters and drives
- Video adapters
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- Network adapters
- Audio adapters
- Modems
- Printers
- Tape devices
- Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)
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- Select a fast processor
- Choose a processor that has a fast clock speed
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- Processor cache: A data storage area that is only used by the system
processor.
- Level 1 (L1) cache, usually 8 - 64 KB, built into the processor
- Level 2 (L2) cache that supplements L1 cache and is usually 256 KB to 1
MB.
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- Pentium processor: L2 cache is usually an SRAM chip on the mother board
- Pentium Pro: L2 cache is built into the chip
- Pentium II and III: L2 cache is on a daughter board
- Celeron processor: has no L2 cache
- Xeon processor: has special L2 caching for extra speed
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- Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP): employs two or more processors,
including some computers that can support up to 32 processors
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- Shared disk model: Linking two or more servers to operate as one and to
equally share resources
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- Shared disk nothing model: Linking two or more servers to operate as
one, but with each owning particular disk, CD-ROM, and tape resources
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- Industry Standard (ISA): 8-bit and 16-bit bus architecture dating to the
early 1980s
- Extended Industry Architecture (EISA): 32-bit bus built on the ISA
architecture with faster throughput by means of bus mastering
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- Micro channel Architecture (MCA): 32-bit bus proprietary to IBM
computers and having a slightly faster transfer rate than EISA
- Peripheral Computer Interface (PCI): 32-bit and 64-bit bus with the
fastest data transfer rate and local bus capability
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- Intelligent input/output (I2O): A computer communications
architecture that removes some of the I/O processing activities from the
main processor to I2O processors on peripherals designed for
I2O architectures, such as hard disks. I2O devices
use one general device driver for all I2O-compliant devices.
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- Plug and Play: Ability of added computer hardware, such as an adapter or
modem, to identify itself to the computer operating system for
installation
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- Universal serial bus: A bus standard that enables you to attach all
types of devices – keyboards, cameras, pointing devices, telephones, and
tape drives, for example – to one bus port on a computer. Up to 127
devices can be attached to one port and it is not necessary to power off
the computer when you attach a device. USB was developed to replace the
traditional serial and parallel bus technologies on computers.
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- Network interface card: An adapter board designed to connect a
workstation, server, or other network equipment to a network medium.
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- A connector for the network medium
- A transceiver
- A controller for MAC protocol communications and addressing
- Protocol control firmware
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- Half duplex: ability to send or receive signals, but not simultaneously
- Full duplex: capacity to send and receive signals at the same time
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- Make sure that the memory used in a server is error checking and
correcting (ECC)
- EEC: Memory that can correct some types of memory problems without
causing computer operations to halt
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- Microsoft generally recommends a minimum of 128 MB on all versions of
Windows 2000 Server (unless there are 5 or fewer users), however, they
also recommend that you use at least 256 MB or more for best
performance.
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- Estimate disk capacity to include:
- Operating system files
- Software files
- Data and database files
- User files
- General public files
- Utility files
- Server management files
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- Speed of the individual disks
- Speed of the disk controllers
- Speed of the data pathway to the disks
- Number of disk pathways
- Disk caching
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- Integrated Device Electronics (IDE): An inexpensive hard disk interface
that is used on Intel-based computers from the 80286 to Pentium
computers
- Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI): An early device interface for
computer peripherals and hard disk drives
- Small Computer System Interface (SCSI): A 32- or 64-bit computer adapter
that transports data between one or more attached devices, such as hard
disks, and the computer
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- Omitting the cable terminator is a common problem when connecting
several devices to one SCSI adapter. If you experience difficulty
recognizing hard disk storage during the Windows 2000 Server
installation, check to make sure the terminator is connected to the last
device on the SCSI cable.
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- One method to significantly increase performance on a server is to
purchase two or more hard disk drives and divide the flow of data
between two or more data pathways by placing drives on different
adapters.
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- For disk intensive applications, consider using Fibre Channel as an
alternative to SCSI.
- Fibre Channel is a high-speed method for connecting computer
peripherals, such as disk drives, to servers and other host computers
through copper and fiber-optic cable. Current implementations of Fibre
Channel in Windows 2000 servers provide data transfer rates of up to 1
Gbps.
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- Disk mirroring: A fault tolerance method that prevents data loss by
duplicating data from a main disk to a backup disk. Some operating
systems also refer to this as disk shadowing.
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- Disk duplexing: A fault tolerance method similar to disk mirroring in
that it prevents data loss by duplicating data from a main disk to a
backup disk; but disk duplexing places the backup disk on a different
controller or adapter than is used by the main disk.
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- RAID level 0: Disk striping with no redundancy
- RAID level 1: Disk mirroring or duplexing
- RAID level 2: Disk striping across an array of disks in which all disks
store error-correction data in case of a disk failure
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- RAID level 3: Similar to RAID level 2, but error-correcting data is
stored on only one disk
- RAID level 4: Similar to RAID level 2, but an added feature is checksum
verification data stored on one disk
- RAID level 5: Similar to RAID level 4, but error-correction and checksum
data are spread over all disks
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- RAID level 0
- RAID level 1
- RAID level 5
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- Status information about drives
- Ability to create and format partitions
- Ability to change drive letter assignments
- Support for FAT and NTFS drives
- Ability to create mirrored, striped, RAID-5, and spanned volumes
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- Importance of the data
- Tolerance for down time when a failure occurs
- Amount of data that must be stored
- How fast the data must be accessed
- Budget for equipment purchases and support
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- Hardware RAID is more expensive
- Hardware RAID is generally faster for read and write access
- Ability to place boot and system files on all configurations of hardware
RAID
- Hardware RAID can include the ability to “hot swap” disks
- Hardware RAID generally has more setup and configuration options
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- Purchase hardware RAID from a vendor that does not use all proprietary
components so you can use disk drives, cables, and various parts from
other vendors.
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- Plan your server so that it can be backed up using removable media such
as tapes, Zip/Jaz disks, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, and CD-RWs.
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- Attach tape backup systems to adapters or controllers that do not also
have disk storage attached.
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- Equip your server with a fast CD-ROM drive from which to load the
Windows 2000 Server operating system, device drivers, and application
software
- Implement a CD-ROM “jukebox” in situations where users will access
CD-ROM resources over the network
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- Fully set up and test all server components
- Allow for a “burn-in” period
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- Server hardware comes in a full range of sophisticated options including
fast processors and fault-tolerant disk drives.
- Plan server hardware to meet or exceed the needs of the intended
implementation.
- Begin the selection process by consulting the Microsoft HCL.
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- Select a fast bus architecture and other features that enable you to
expand the server as needed.
- Implement disk storage using fast channel technology such as SCSI or
Fibre Channel and include fault tolerance in your planning.
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- Implement at least one CD-ROM drive to load software and drivers.
- Plan to test the server hardware before you install Windows 2000 Server.
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