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- Plan what network model to apply to your network
- Compare the differences between Windows 2000 Professional, Server,
Advanced Server, and Datacenter
- Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a server operating system
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- Explain the new features in Windows 2000
- Describe the file systems that are compatible with Windows 2000 and
choose the file system that is right for your server
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- Network Operating System (NOS)
- Software that enables computer users to share computer equipment,
software, and data, voice, and video transmissions
- Network
- A communications system that enables computer users to share computer
equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissions
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- Client
- A computer that accesses resources on another computer via a network or
by a direct connection
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- Workstation
- A computer that has its own CPU and may be used as a standalone
computer for word processing, spreadsheet creation, or other software
applications. It also may be used to access another computer such as a
mainframe computer or file server, as long as the necessary network
hardware and software are installed.
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- Peer-to-peer network
- A network where any computer can communicate with other networked
computers on an equal or peer-like basis without going through an
intermediary, such as a server or host.
- Often used in very small organizations, such as a two to ten person
office.
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- A group of computers can share files, folders, and printers
- Peer-to-peer networking is easy to set up
- Supports using workgroups
- A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users who share drive and printer
resources in an independent peer-to-peer relationship.
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- Offers only moderate network security
- No centralized storage or account management
- Not effective for complex network management
- Not optimized for simultaneous access by
over 9 or 10 computers
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- Server-based network
- A model in which access to the network, to resources, and the
management of resources is accomplished through one or more servers.
- Used particularly in medium and large organizations.
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- Provides extensive multiuser access to resources
- Ideal for coordinated server and network management
- Provides robust security to network resources
- Contributes to fast network performance
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- Generally requires more advanced planning than peer-to-peer networking
- Can be more complex to set up than peer-to-peer networking
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- Enables extensive file, folder, and printer sharing
- Access to resources can be centralized, decentralized, or a combination
of both
- Provides robust management of software applications
- Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Web services, and e-commerce
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- Enables coordinated backups of network data resources
- Sharing of computer resources can be arranged to reflect the work
patterns of groups within an organization
- Server administration can save time and money when installing software
and software upgrades
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- Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of installing and maintaining
computers and equipment on a network, which includes hardware, software,
maintenance, and support costs.
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- Designed for workstation use
- Used with Windows 2000 Server to reduce the TCO
- Supports up to two processors
- Handles up to 4 GB of RAM
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- A full featured server operating system
- Supports up to four processors
- Handles up to 4 GB of RAM
- Offers a wide range of services and user connectivity options
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- Handles virtually unlimited user connections (depending on the hardware)
- Active Directory management
- Network management
- Web-based management services
- Network-wide security management
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- Network storage management
- Remote network access
- Terminal services
- Distributed file services
- High-speed network connectivity
- Application services management
- Network printer management
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- Windows 2000 Server
- Provides full server services as a file, print, Web, e-mail, and
e-commerce server
- Windows 2000 Advanced Server
- Intended for high-end enterprise networks that use server clustering
- Windows 2000 Datacenter
- Intended for large databases
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- Windows 2000 Server
- Up to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAM
- Windows 2000 Advanced Server
- Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and supports server clustering
- Windows 2000 Datacenter
- Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and supports server clustering
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- Clustering: The ability to share the computing load and resources by
linking two or more discrete computer systems to function as though they
are one.
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- Sharing Resources
- Managing Resources
- Scalability and compatibility
- Reliability
- Distributability
- Fault tolerance
- Internet integration and e-commerce
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- Data files and folders
- Centralized access and fast searches, particularly when the Active
Directory is implemented
- Printers
- Easily configured and published printer resources
- Application Software
- Network installation or option to run software on the server
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- Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume or folder that is shared on the
network by a server or workstation. It gives designated network
workstations access to the files and data in its shared volume or
folder. The workstation, via software, determines a drive letter for the
shared volume, which is the workstation’s map to the data.
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- Windows 2000 provides a coordinated way to manage network resources
- The Active Directory is one example of a resource management tool
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- Resource: has two meanings depending on the context
- On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file server, shared printer, or
shared directory that can be accessed by users
- On a workstation or server, a resource is an IRQ, I/O address, or
memory that is allocated to a computer component, such as a disk drive
or communications port
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- Windows 2000 Server is designed to be compatible with the U.S.
Government’s C2 top secret class of security:
- File and folder protection
- Account and network access passwords
- File, folder, and account auditing
- Server access protection on a network
- Server management controls
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- Scalable: A computer operating system that can be used on small to large
computers, such as those with a single Intel-based processor and larger
computers, such as those with multiple
processors.
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- Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A type of computer with two or more CPUs
that share the processing load.
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- Windows 2000 Server can communicate with many kinds of other host
operating systems.
- IBM mainframe
- Novell NetWare
- UNIX
- Banyan
- DEC
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- Typical operating systems that access Windows 2000 Server as clients
are:
- MS-DOS
- Windows 3.x
- Windows 95 and Windows 98
- Windows NT
- Windows 2000
- Macintosh
- UNIX
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- Windows 2000 Server is reliable because the kernel operates in
privileged mode
- MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs run in the virtual DOS machine so
they do not impact 32-bit programs and the operating system, which are
running at the same time
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- Kernel: An essential set of programs and computer code that allows a
computer operating system to control processor, disk, memory, and other
functions central to the basic operation of a computer.
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- Privileged mode: A protected memory space allocated for the Windows 2000
kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications.
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- Virtual DOS Machine: In Windows 2000, a process that emulates an MS-DOS
window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit Windows programs in a designated
area of memory.
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- Windows 2000 reliability includes multitasking and multithreading.
- Multitasking: The capability of a computer to run two or more programs
at the same time.
- Multithreading: Running several program processes or parts (threads) at
the same time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive multitasking.
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- Fault Tolerance: Techniques that employ hardware and software to provide
assurance against equipment failures, computer service interruptions,
and data loss.
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- Recovery from hard disk failures
- Recovery from lost data in a file
- Recovery from system configuration errors
- Protection from power outages
- Advanced warning about system and hardware problems
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- Windows 2000 Server comes with many Internet-related services.
- Web server
- Intranet and VPN services
- Media services
- HTML and XML compatibility
- FTP Services
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- Active Directory
- A Windows 2000 database of computers, users, shared printers, shared
folders, and other network resources, and resource groupings that is
used to manage a network and enable users to quickly find a particular
resource.
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- Web-based Enterprise Management (WBEM)
- Standardizes the tools and interfaces used by administrators for a
complete picture of the relationship between networks and the devices
connected to networks.
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- Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM)
- A storage management system that enables administrators to establish
storage policies, archiving techniques, and disk capacity planning
through automated procedures and the coordinated use of different media
including tapes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, and zip drives.
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- Zero Administration for Windows (ZAW)
- A combination of management options and tools that enable an
organization to reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO)
- Power management
- Enables portions of a system, such as a monitor, to “sleep” when they
are not in use
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- International language capability
- Supports more languages and even multiple versions of the same
language, such as English used in Britain or English used in the United
States
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- Advantages
- Supported by may small computer systems
- Low operating overhead
- Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000)
- File sizes up to 2 GB
- Disadvantages
- Can become corrupted over time
- Limited file and folder security and no auditing
- Does not support long filenames
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- Advantages
- More robust then FAT16
- Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in Windows 2000)
- Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000
- Supports long file names
- Disadvantages
- Limited file and folder security and no auditing
- Cannot decrease cluster size
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- NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has the following features
- Support for long file names
- Files can be compressed
- Large file capacity
- File activity tracking
- POSIX support
- Volume striping and volume extensions
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- NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the following new features
- Ability to encrypt files
- No system reboot after creating extended or spanned volumes
- Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives)
- Indexing for fast access
- Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information when files are
transferred between volumes
- Ability to set disk quotas
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- Windows 2000 supports CDFS and UDF
- Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32-bit file system used on
standard capacity CD-ROMs.
- Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a removable disk formatting standard
used for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs.
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- As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless you need to use FAT16 or
FAT32 for backward compatibility on a system, such as for a dual boot
system.
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- Network servers are used in familiar and expected places. One example of
a familiar place is as a Web
server.
- The use of server-based networks is outpacing peer-to-peer networks.
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- Windows 2000 Server offers traditional and new server capabilities
- File and printer sharing
- C2-compatible security
- Web and network communications
- Network management capabilities
- Active Directory
- Zero Administration for Windows
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- NTFS is a central feature of Windows 2000 because it offers:
- Strong security
- Fault tolerance
- File compression
- Indexing
- Disk quotas
- File encryption
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- Windows 2000 retains backward compatibility with:
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