1
|
|
2
|
- How local networks are structured
- How to connect a PC to a LAN and divide a network into segments
- How to connect networks to each other
|
3
|
- Describes overall design of the network
- Physical components
- Network technologies
- Interfacing software
- Protocols needed to establish reliable communication among nodes
|
4
|
- Ethernet (most popular)
- Token ring
- FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
- Wireless LAN technology
|
5
|
- Network adapter
- Most often an expansion card called a network interface card (NIC)
- Must match type and speed of physical network in use
- Network port must match type of connectors used on the network
- Network protocols
- Hardware protocols (eg, Ethernet, Token Ring)
- OS protocols (eg, NetBEUI, TCP/IP)
|
6
|
- Packets, datagrams, or frames
- Packets have maximum size depending on type of network
- CRC (cyclical redundancy check)
- Technique of calculating and comparing values
|
7
|
- 10-Mbps Ethernet
- Uses either shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable, unshielded twisted-pair
(UTP) cable, or coaxial cable
- 100-Mbps Ethernet or Fast Ethernet
- Uses UTP or STP cable
- 100BaseFX uses fiber-optic cable (single-mode, multi-mode, and plastic)
- 1000-Mbps Ethernet of Gigabit Ethernet
- Uses twisted-pair and fiber-optic cable
|
8
|
|
9
|
|
10
|
|
11
|
- Bus topology
- Connects each node in a line
- Does not have a centralized point of connection
- Star topology
- Connects all nodes to a centralized hub
- More popular
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
- A passive network
- Contention-based system
- Each computer contends for an opportunity to transmit on the network
- Requires collision control
|
17
|
- CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
- CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance)
- Token method
|
18
|
|
19
|
- Physical star; logical ring
- Data packet is preceded by a token
- Transmits data at 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps
- Uses a centralized device called a MAU (Multistation Access Unit)
|
20
|
|
21
|
- Use a token that travels in a ring
- Data frames travel on the ring without the token
- Multiple nodes can have data on the ring at the same time
- Provides data transfer at 100 Mbps
|
22
|
- Make connections using wireless NICs
- Include antennas or infrared transmission to send and receive signals
in places where networking cables are difficult to install
- Can be used in combination with a wired LAN
- Standards
- 1999 IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi, AirPort)
- Bluetooth
- Slower than wired networks
- Security is an issue
|
23
|
|
24
|
- Requirements
- NIC
- Network cable (patch cable)
- Device for PC to connect to (eg, hub)
- How NICs work and how to install them
- How to set up a network protocol
- Using bridges and switches to divide a network into segments for
improved performance
|
25
|
- Plug into motherboard expansion slot
- Provide port(s) on back of card for connection to network
- Manage communication and hardware network protocol for the PC
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
- Network in use is transparent to applications software using it
- Network card
- Sends and receives data to and from system bus in parallel
- Sends and receives data to and from network in series
- Uses a transceiver for signal conversion
- Network nodes are identified by a MAC (Media Access Control) address
|
30
|
|
31
|
- Requirements
- IRQ
- I/O address
- Upper memory addresses (for DOS and
Windows 9x real mode)
- May be PnP or can use jumpers or DIP switches to determine resources to
request
|
32
|
- Speed and type of network (except for wireless connections)
- Type of cable (shielded twisted-pair, coaxial, or fiber-optic)
- Type of slot (PCI or ISA)
|
33
|
- Windows 95 supports Ethernet, token ring, and ARCnet networking cards
- Windows 98 supports ATM, Ethernet, token ring, FDDI, IrDA, and ARCnet
networking cards
|
34
|
- Set DIP switches or jumpers and physically install the card
- Turn on PC; Windows detects and configures new device
- Select Device Manager to verify installation
- View Properties window to confirm resources
- IRQ and I/O address of the card can be found on Resources tab
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
- Only configuration required by NetBEUI
- Limited to 15 characters
- Windows 9x assumes that a computer name is a NetBIOS name
- Access Control Panel; double-click Network icon; click Identification
tab
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
- Windows 2000 automatically detects an installed card and guides
installation of drivers
- Options for verifying error-free installation
- Device Manager
- Network and Dial-Up Connections applet in Control Panel
- Installing NetBEUI Protocol will automatically bind itself to the NIC
providing the connection
- Give a host name to the computer
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
- Use NIC’s configuration software to specify wireless network parameters
- State
- Current Channel
- Current Tx Rate
- Throughput, Link Quality, and Signal Strength
- Computer must be within acceptable range of an access point or another
wireless device that it will communicate with directly
- Distance determined by type of technology used
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
- Mode
- SSID (service set identifier)
- Tx Rate
- PS Mode
|
47
|
|
48
|
- Cannot make connection to network
- Network Neighborhood or My Network Places does not show any other
computers on the network
- Error message during installation
- Device Manager shows yellow exclamation point or red X beside name of
NIC
- No lights on NIC
|
49
|
- Check connections in rest of network
- Reboot PC and reset network connections
- Make sure NIC and its drivers are installed
- For TCP/IP network, use ping 127.0.0.1 command to determine whether NIC
and IP protocol are working
- Check for an IRQ conflict
- Check cabling and ports
- Confirm most current version of motherboard BIOS
|
50
|
- Decreases amount of traffic on overall network
- Done through use of bridges and switches
- More intelligent than hubs
- Make decisions about whether or not to allow traffic to pass, or where
to forward that traffic
- Use MAC addresses, which they store in routing tables, to determine
where to send packets
|
51
|
|
52
|
|
53
|
|
54
|
- Bridges
- Send broadcast messages; do not work well with large networks
- Effective at separating high-volume areas on a LAN
- Work best when used to connect LANs that usually do not communicate
outside their immediate network
- Switches
- Send a packet only to network segment for which it is destined
|
55
|
|
56
|
- Communication between networks uses TCP/IP (not MAC addresses)
- Methods of network connection
- Routers
- Bandwidth technologies
|
57
|
- Use IP addresses to determine path by which to send a packet
- More efficient than switches in choosing routes for packets over long
distances
- Stateless devices
- Unconcerned about data; concerned about destination address of data
|
58
|
|
59
|
- A router can transmit a data packet to a remote network only if a
routable protocol:
- Was used to produce the data packet
- Can be routed to a remote network
- Routable
- Not routable
|
60
|
- Functions both as a bridge and a router
- As a router
- Can route routable protocols (TCP/IP and IPX/SPX packets)
- As a bridge
- Forwards packets that are not routable (NetBEUI packets) to other local
networks
|
61
|
- Measures how much data can travel over a given communication system in a
given amount of time
- Also called data throughput or line speed
- Greater bandwidth = faster communication
|
62
|
|
63
|
|
64
|
|
65
|
- Regular telephone lines
- Cable modem
- ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
- Satellite access
- Wireless access
|
66
|
- How local networks are built
- How bridges and switches can segment large local networks
- How routers connect networks
- Technologies used to connect PCs and networks to the Internet
- Servicing PCs that are connected to a network
|