|
|
|
Reproductive: 60 gm uterus ↑
1100 gms; Braxton Hicks contractions; mucus plug; vaginal pH 3.5 6.0,
↓ baterial infections, ↑ yeast infections; breasts enlarge;
striae, colostrum last trimester
|
|
Respiratory: volume of air;
diaphragm ↑ (H&PA); nasal
stuffiness & nosebleeds r/t estrogen-induced edema & ↑ vascular congestion
|
|
Cardiovascular: Blood volume
↑ 40 45% d/t RBCs and plasma; pulse ↑ 10 15 bpm; stasis of
blood in lower extremeties and varicosity, postural hypotension; enlarging
uterus puts pressure on vena cava, R atrium, & aorta. Called supine hypotensive
syndrome or venl caval syndrome; physiologic anemia of pregnancy r/t >
↑ in plasma volume than in erythrocyte
|
|
GI/urinary: N&V, delayed peristalsis
increased progesterone leads to smooth muscle relaxatoin; delayed emptying of
gallbladder; frequency in 1st trimester when uterus is a pelvic
organ. Rises into abdomen in 2nd
trimester. Gylcosuria may be normal or assoc. with diabetes. Always check
|
|
Integumentary: linea nigra,
chloasma
|
|
Muskuloskeletal: relaxation
of joints, waddle ; diastasis recti
|
|
Metabolism: Weight gain: 25
35 lbs; 3.5 5 lbs 1st trimester; 12 15 during EACH of the
last 2 trimesters
|
|
Endocrine: Metobolic rate
↑ 25%; hormones during pregnancy: hCG; estrogen for uterine
development; progestin for maintaining pregnancy; relaxin for remodeling
collagen (waddle)
|