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- Pat Edwards, MN, RN, CNAA
- Professor of Nursing
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2
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- Asthma
- http://www.whatsasthma.org
- COPD
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Emphysema
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- Bronchodilators:
- Xanthines Derivatives
- Beta-Agonists
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4
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- Names:
- Theophylline- Theo-dur
- Aminophylline
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5
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- Cause bronchodilation
- Increases the levels of the energy producing substance called cAMP
- Inhibits PDE the enzyme that breaks down cAMP
- COPD patients are effected
- Slow onset of action
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6
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- Cause airway to dilate
- Relieves bronchopasms and improves air into and out of lungs
- Stimulates CNS
- Increases HR and cardiac output
- Diuretic effect
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- Dilate airways in asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Adjunct agent in COPD- relieves pulmonary edema and dyspnea in left
sided heart failure
- Aminophylline used to increase urinary output-diuresis
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8
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- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Sinus Tachycardia
- Palpitations
- Ventricular Dysrhythmias
- Hyperglycemia
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- Allopurinol
- Erythromycin
- Flu Vaccine
- Oral Contraceptives
- Need blood levels monitored closely
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- Names:
- Albuterol- Proventil
- Ephedrine
- Epinephrine- Adrenalin, Primatene, Bronkaid
- Terbutaline- Brethine
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11
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- Used during acute phase of asthmatic attack
- Quickly reduces airway constriction
- Agonists or stimulators of SNS receptors
- Imitate the effects of norepinephrine on receptors
- Stimulate beta2-adenergic receptors
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- Nonselective- stimulate the alpha, beta1 and beta2- epinephrine
- Nonselective beta-adrenergic- stimulate both beta1 and beta2- Isuprel
- Selective beta2- stimulate the beta2- albuterol
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- Begins with specific receptors stimulated and ends with the dilation of
airways
- cAMP is activated when beta2-adrenergic is stimulated
- Smooth muscles relax and airflow increased
- Alpha receptors causes vasoconstriction-limits secretions
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- Beta2- causes bronchodilation, decrease diastolic B/P, decrease K+
levels
- Alpha & Beta- constriction of arterioles, dilation skeletal muscle
arterioles
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15
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- Confined to pulmonary disorders primarily
- Hypotension and shock treatment
- Relieves nasal congestion and stuffiness
- Terbutaline prevents preterm labor
- Treat Hyperkalemia
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16
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- Insomnia
- Restlessness
- Anorexia
- Cardiac simulation
- Tremors
- Vascular headaches
- Hypotension
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17
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- Avoid MAO inhibitors
- Diabetics may need adjustments
- Epinephrine= hyperglycemia
- Beta agonist with beta adrenergic= antagonizes the bronchodilation
effect
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18
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- PO
- SC
- Inhaler
- Nebulizer
- IM
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19
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- Beta-agonist contraindicated for
patients with cardiac disease
- Xanthine derivatives contraindicated in patients with GI disorders
- Respiratory agents given exactly as ordered
- Xanthines need blood levels monitored
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20
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