output=1500ml.day)discuss the normal amount of fluid per day
stress the need to remain hydrated especially in Florida, that older people
do not drink therefore assess, and encourage!Discuss the type of fluids: not coffee of
tea but fruit juices etc.That the
intake and output should be similar or there is something wrong!
Urinary retention
terms?causes? Bladder distention
how assessed?, mention that nurses hold urine and cause a possible infection
with retention, it can be caused by obstructions, surgical trauma,
medications, etc. bladder holds 2000cc of urine but urge to void is after
150cc or so.If urine is retained it
can cause: urosepsis, UTIs
Urinary incontinence
types?Examples? Functional:
involuntary-sensory deficits; Overflow: dribbling/leaking-diabetes,
meds, enlarged prostate, spinal injury, uterine prolapse; Reflex:
involuntary- spinal injury with spasm or unawareness; Stress: small
amounts- coughing or sneezing with urgency or frequency; Urge-
involuntary large amt lost after drinking, infection or decreased bladder
capacity.
Factors related to age,
social, emotions, muscle,surgery, medications,disease kids= excrete
large amounts of urine but cant control micturation, older
adults=have nocturia, urinary frequency, residual urine and more infections
but dont use diapers or catheters unless a last resort!,Social culture influences the
privacy and method one may toilet.Emotions-
stress and anxiety increases frequency.Weak muscle tone may indicate need for Kagel exercises and
catheters require bladder training.Surgery-
anesthetics and narcotics affect urination (decrease it) and they may be
unable to void after surgery esp. spinals! Urinary diversions result in
stomas. Meds- diuretics
increase urine output be sure they work! Pyridium=orange urine,
amitriptyline=green urine, levodopa= brown urine, chemo= may change urine
color too.