Terms used: oliguria= diminished urinary
output, anuria=inability to produce urine
in ( ESRD) end-stage renal disease= no urine is produced which may result
in uremic shock=increase in nitrogen wastes fluid and electrolyte imbalance
and nausea, vomiting, headaches, coma and convulsions. (refer the student to
page 1388 and information of dialysis will learn about this in upper level
courses)
Assess the patient check urine output, do skin turgor tests, see med the patient
is on, assess the bladder for distension, note color of urine=dark amber?,
odor? Clear?, specific gravity = hi is concentrated, lo is dilute; PH = 4.6-8
is norm;
Caused by infections (bladder, kidney), calculus, tumor, not enough fluid intake,
irritation to system=blood, constipation problems, pregnancy, sensory or
environmental issues,chronic diseases=MS, UTI, etc. (information on urinary
diversions is found on p.1392,more at upper levels)
Interventions: force fluids, warm water perineum or hand in water, go to the
bathroom when necessary, keep clean- wipe to back, give meds, avoid catheters
if possible! Check prostate for problems.