1
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2
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- Treat Diabetes
- Lower Blood Sugar
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3
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4
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- Protein Hormone
- Secreted Beta Cells-Pancreas
- 1-2 Units per hour
- 4-6 Units per meal
- 1 units x 24hrs +
- 4 units x 3 meals
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5
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- Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Fats,Protein
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6
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- Lowers Blood Sugar
- Decreases breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
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7
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- Decreases the breakdown of fat to fatty acids in adipose tissue
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8
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- Decreases protein breakdown in muscle
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9
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- Commercial Insulin
- Has the same effect as endogenous insulin
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10
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- Patients who’s Beta Cells become
- Overwhelmed: Disease
- Exhausted: Stress or Drugs
- Destroyed: Virus, Cancer,
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11
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- Results from an autoimmune disorder that destroys pancreatic beta cells
- Also called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus IDDM
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12
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- 10% of people
- Starts before age of 20
- Sudden Onset
- Severe symptoms
- Difficult to control
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13
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- Disorder of Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glucosuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Polyphagia
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14
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- Insulin preparations
- Onset of action
- Duration of action
- Degree of purity
- Source
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15
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- Short Acting
- Intermediate Acting
- Mixtures
- 70/30= 70 Units NPH &
30 Units Regular
- Long Acting
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16
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- Synthetic Human Insulin
- Do not mix with any other insulin
- Long Acting Up to 24 hours
- NO PEAK
- Given at BEDTIME
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17
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- Fasting Blood Sugar
- Urinalysis
- Accu check
- Hemaglobin A1C
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18
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- 80% are obese
- 10% non-obese
- 10% unstable may look more like Type 1
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19
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- Sulfonylureas
- Biguanides
- Glitazones
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20
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- Increase secretion of insulin in the pancreas
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21
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- Hematologic effects
- GI effects
- Hypoglycemia
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22
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- Increase the use of glucose by muscles and fat cells
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23
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- GI
- Metallic Taste
- Decreased Vitamin B12
- Rare Lactic Acidosis
- DOES NOT CAUSE Hypoglycemia
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24
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- Decrease Insulin Resistance
- Stimulate receptors on muscle, fat and liver cells
- Increase effectiveness of circulating insulin
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25
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- Weight Gain
- Hepatic Toxicity
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26
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- What time will the insulin/oral agent act?
- What carbohydrates are available?
- What are the good effects of this drug?
- What are the side effects?
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27
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- Check Blood Sugar
- Check Glycosylated Hemoglobin
- Observe for Therapeutic Effects
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28
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- Observe for Adverse Effects
- Injection Site
- Hypoglycemia
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29
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