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Forceps –
surgical instruments for assisting birth by providing traction or the means
to rotate the fetal head.
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•Outlet, low, or midforceps
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•Criteria: cervix completely dilated; ROM; known
pelvis type, empty maternal bladder; no CPD present
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•Baby can develop edema or ecchymosis, caput
succedaneum or cephalhematoma, facial paralysis
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•Adequate regional anesthesia: mother may feel
pressure but no pain
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•Figure 20-3, p 437
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Vacuum
assist: applying suction to the fetal
head. Pump provides negative pressure under appropriately sized cup and
traction is applied. Limit to 3 pulls, 20 – 30 mins
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Figure 20 – 4, p
438
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