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- Original Text modified by:
- Anita A. Kovalsky, R.N., M.N.Ed.,
- Professor of Nursing
- Original PPT by:
- Professor Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS
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- Adrenergic (smypathomimetic):
- Antagonist:
- Anticholinergic (parasympatholytic):
- Histamine antagonist:
- Antihistamines:
- Expectorants:
- Corticosteroids:
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- Histamine found in tissues exposed to environment (eyes, nose, lungs,
GI)
- Histamine mainly found in Mast Cells
- Histamine found in Basophils (RBC)
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- Contraction of smooth muscleà Wheeze
- Stimulation of Vagusà Cough
- Permeability veinsà Edema
- Vasodilationà Flushing
- secretionsà Mucous
- Stimulation of nerve endingsà Pruritus
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- Gastric Acid and Pepsinà Abdominal Pain
- Rate & Force of
Myocardial Contractionà tachycardia
- VasodilationàHypotension, Flushing, HA
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- Allergic Rhinitis
- Allergic Bronchitis
- Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Allergic Dermatitis
- Anaphylaxis
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- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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- Why is the client getting this drug?
- Is there any reason the client should not get an Antihistamine?
- Pregnancy, glaucoma, ulcer, medication interaction, allergy???
- Drowsiness ?
- Dry secretions ? ( Think of Asthma)
- Alcohol ?
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- Prevention of Allergic Reaction is the Best Care
- Paradoxical Excitement May Occur
- Use in Elder May Cause Confusion
- Consider Side Effects: Dryness,
Drowsiness
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- Adrenergics (sympathomimetics)
- Anticholinergics (parasympatholytics)
- Corticosteroids (topical)
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- Sympathomimetic Drugs
- Relieve Nasal Obstruction by constricting arterioles and blood flow
- Treatment of rhinitis
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- Suppress the cough center in the Medulla
- Suppress the cough receptors in the throat, lungs
- Narcotic, non-narcotic
- Local anesthetics
- Lozengers
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- Codeine
- Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)
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- Used to liquefy thick viscous mucous
- Inhalation
- Effective within 1 minuteà
peaks in 5-10 minutes
- Also used for Tylenol overdose... given orally
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- Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
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- Relieve symptoms…NOT a cure
- Nose drops for no more then 7 days
- Read the labels carefully
- Note if syrups……remember sugar!
- Report palpitations, dizziness, drowsiness
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- Rebound nasal congestion
- Side effects: tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension (adrenergic
effects)
- Many drugs alter the effects of OTC cold remedies……BE CAREFUL…..HTN,
Arrhythmias!
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